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Lycopene attenuates bisphenol A–induced lung injury in adult albino rats: a histological and biochemical study

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Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) leads to ROS production that considered the core of different inflammatory and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. As a natural antioxidant, lycopene plays a significant role in the prevention of many chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the possible protective role of lycopene against BPA-induced lung alterations using morphometric, histological, immunohistochemical and biochemical methods. Forty rats aged 3 months were divided into four groups (n=10): control group, lycopene group comprising rats that received lycopene by gavage (10 mg/kg /day) for 30 days, BPA group comprising rats that received BPA by gavage (50 mg/kg/day) for 30 days and lycopene + BPA group. On the 30th day, blood and lung tissue samples were collected for biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical studies. Morphometrical and statistical analyses were performed. The BPA group revealed significantly elevated IL-1B, IL-6, MDA and NO, and it showed significantly reduced IL-10, SOD, CAT and GSH when compared to the control and lycopene + BPA groups. Upon histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, lycopene supplementation improved the BPA-induced alveolar collapse, lymphocytic infiltration, extravasated RBCs and fibrosis. The lycopene + BPA group showed significantly reduced mean percentage of 8-OHdG immunopositive and mean area percentages of Bax and caspase 3 immunopositive cells and significantly reduced mean area percentage of Bcl2 immunopositive cells as compared with the BPA group. Lycopene is a protective agent against BPA-induced lung injury because of its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, as confirmed by biochemical and histological studies.

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Funding

This work was supported by Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP-2020/82)), Taif University, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

    Nermeen Mohammed Faheem

  2. Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O.Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    Nermeen Mohammed Faheem

  3. Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O.Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmad EL Askary & Amal F. Gharib

  4. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine (New Damietta), Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

    Ahmad EL Askary

  5. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

    Amal F. Gharib

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  1. Nermeen Mohammed Faheem
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Contributions

N.M.F. prepared the idea and designed the study, analysed and performed the histological and morphometric examination of the lung; A.E. and A.F.G. analysed and performed the biochemical examination; N. M.F. and A.E. performed the experiment and prepared the manuscript draft. A.F.G and A.E. secured funding acquisition; N.M.F., A.E. and A.F.G reviewed and edited the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nermeen Mohammed Faheem.

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All procedures followed the guidelines of the Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals of theTaif University (approval no. 42-0053).

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Responsible editor: Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim

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Faheem, N.M., EL Askary, A. & Gharib, A.F. Lycopene attenuates bisphenol A–induced lung injury in adult albino rats: a histological and biochemical study. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 49139–49152 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-14140-w

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