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Laccase-mediated delignification and detoxification of lignocellulosic biomass: removing obstacles in energy generation

  • Bio/processes for Sustainable Environment and Clean Energy
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Abstract

The rising global population and worldwide industrialization have led to unprecedented energy demand that is causing fast depletion of fossil reserves. This has led to search for alternative energy sources that are renewable and environment friendly. Use of lignocellulosic biomass for energy generation is considered a promising approach as it does not compete with food supply. However, the lignin component of the biomass acts as a natural barrier that prevents its efficient utilization. In order to remove the lignin and increase the amount of fermentable sugars, the lignocellulosic biomass is pretreated using physical and chemical methods which are costly and hazardous for environment. Moreover, during the traditional pretreatment process, numerous inhibitory compounds are generated that adversely affect the growth of fermentative microbes. Alternatively, biological methods that use microbes and their enzymes disrupt lignin polymers and increase the accessibility of the carbohydrates for the sugar generation. Microbial laccases have been considered as an efficient biocatalyst for delignification and detoxification offering a green initiative for energy generation process. The present review aims to bring together recent studies in bioenergy generation using laccase biocatalyst in the pretreatment processes. The work provides an overview of the sustainable and eco-friendly approach of biological delignification and detoxification through whole-cell and enzymatic methods, use of laccase-mediator system, and immobilized laccases for this purpose. It also summarizes the advantages, associated challenges, and potential prospects to overcome the limitations.

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to Director Dr. Anjan Ray, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, for providing the necessary facilities to complete this work and constant encouragement.

Funding

This research was funded by CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun, India, as in-house project under OLP-981 and MLP 1099.

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  1. CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, India

    Manisha Malhotra & Sunil Kumar Suman

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  1. Manisha Malhotra
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  2. Sunil Kumar Suman
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MM collected research data and prepared the arts. SKS conceptualized, wrote, and edited the manuscript. Both the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sunil Kumar Suman.

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Malhotra, M., Suman, S.K. Laccase-mediated delignification and detoxification of lignocellulosic biomass: removing obstacles in energy generation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 58929–58944 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13283-0

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