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Transaminase profile and hepatic histopathological traits in Piaractus mesopotamicus exposed to insecticide Diflubenzuron

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Abstract

Diflubenzuron (DFB) is a widely used insecticide to control ectoparasites in fish farming. Although therapeutic concentrations (i.e., 50 to 100 mg/L) are safe as they fail to induce mortality, they can promote tissue changes. In Brazil, Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is a native species used for commercial production, and it remains crucial to determine underlying mechanisms to mitigate the potential effects of pathogens on productivity. The aim of this study was to analyze the transaminase profile and histopathological changes in the liver of P. mesopotamicus exposed to a DFB bath. Hence, the fish were exposed to an immersion bath containing a 70 mg/L nominal concentration of Difluchem 240 SC® (24% (m/m) DFB) for 30 (n = 10), 60 (n = 10), and 120 min (n = 10), every 24 h for 3 days. Following exposure, plasma transaminases and liver histology were analyzed. In DFB-exposed fish, levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were elevated when compared with the control at 30 and 60 min. Furthermore, liver morphology was altered based on exposure times. Compared with controls, the degree of reversible damage (degree of tissue change (DTC)) demonstrated high scores for all exposure times, with no difference between individual groups. Irreversible changes were increased in the 60 and 120-min baths. These findings highlight the impact of the therapeutic DFB concentration (i.e., 70 mg/L), revealing that 60-min and 120-min bathing induces irreversible and progressive hepatic changes.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This study was funded in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001 and the Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS/MEC), Brazil. Fundação de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Ensino, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso do Sul (FUNDECT/CAPES no. 07/2015) for scholarship to ALNS.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciência Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil

    André Luiz N. Silva & Karine Nathiele Nogueira Farias

  2. Departamento de Aquicultura do Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil

    Robson Andrade Rodrigues

  3. Laboratório de Patologia Experimental (LAPEx), Instituto de Biociências Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil

    Mayara Schueroff Siqueira, Karin Virgínia Kuibida, Lilian Franco-Belussi & Carlos E. Fernandes

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  1. André Luiz N. Silva
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  2. Robson Andrade Rodrigues
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  3. Mayara Schueroff Siqueira
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  4. Karine Nathiele Nogueira Farias
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  6. Lilian Franco-Belussi
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  7. Carlos E. Fernandes
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Contributions

ALNS conceptualization, investigation, methodology. RAR conceptualization, investigation, methodology. MSS investigation, methodology. KNNF investigation, methodology. KVK investigation, methodology. LFB formal analysis, writing original draft, and review & editing. CEF conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, resources, writing original draft, and review & editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Carlos E. Fernandes.

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Animal handling followed the AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2020 Edition and procedures are in accordance to CONCEA (34/2017).

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Silva, A.L.N., Rodrigues, R.A., Siqueira, M.S. et al. Transaminase profile and hepatic histopathological traits in Piaractus mesopotamicus exposed to insecticide Diflubenzuron. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 22002–22010 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-12013-2

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