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Planning rainwater conservation measures using geospatial and multi-criteria decision making tools

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Abstract

The assessment of rainwater-harvesting demand (RWHD) map and the identification of appropriate priority-based locations for rainwater-harvesting (RWH) and groundwater recharge structures are very crucial for the water managers, particularly in irrigation commands. This study addresses this challenge by using multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) and geospatial techniques to present a novel and robust approach for generating RWHD map and identifying sites/zones for distinct RWH and groundwater recharge on a priority basis. Primary thematic layers such as existing irrigation water supply, irrigation demand, and groundwater potential were considered in this study for delineating RWHD zones. Further, sites suitable for RWH and groundwater recharge were identified using soil, slope, drainage network, and lineament thematic layers of the study area and they were prioritized. Four zones of rainwater demand were identified for the prioritization of RWH and groundwater structures: (a) “low” rainwater-harvesting demand zone (covering 3% of the total study area), (b) “moderate” rainwater-harvesting demand zone (40%), (c) “high” rainwater-harvesting demand zone (42%), and (d) “very high” rainwater-harvesting demand zone (15%). Moreover, 46 sites for check dams and 145 suitable sites for percolation tanks were identified, together with 253 ha area for groundwater recharge based on the priority of rainwater-harvesting demand. Integration of geospatial and MCDM techniques in conjunction with suitable thematic layers provides a helpful and realistic tool for large-scale planning and management of rainwater conservation measures.

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Acknowledgments

The authors sincerely thank the General Manager, RRSC-East, NRSC, ISRO, Kolkata; the Director, SWID, Kolkata; and the officials of Irrigation and Waterways Department, Government of West Bengal, for their kind cooperation and timely help in supplying necessary data for successful completion of this study. The authors are also thankful to the anonymous reviewers and the editor for their critical suggestions for improving the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. AgFE Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India

    Laishram Kanta Singh & Madan Kumar Jha

  2. Regional Remote Sensing Centre-North, NRSC, Delhi, 110049, India

    V. M. Chowdary

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  1. Laishram Kanta Singh
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Correspondence to Laishram Kanta Singh.

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Singh, L.K., Jha, M.K. & Chowdary, V.M. Planning rainwater conservation measures using geospatial and multi-criteria decision making tools. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 1734–1751 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10227-y

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