Abstract
Tebuconazole is a broad-spectrum fungicide extensively used worldwide for the control of many diseases such as powdery mildew and scab in apple, early blight of tomato, anthracnose of chilli, white rot and purple blotch of onion etc. Maximum residue level of this compound has not been worked out on these crops in India; the persistence and dissipation kinetics of tebuconazole on apple, tomato, chilli and onion were studied following three foliar applications of the formulation Folicur 430 SC at a standard dose (X) 322, 268.75, 215 and 215 g a.i./ha and at double dose (2X) 645, 537.5, 430 and 430 g a.i./ha, respectively, to work out the safe waiting periods and half-life period of tebuconazole. Extraction was done using QuEChERS method and cleanup by using dispersive solid-phase method. Tebuconazole residues were estimated on gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The recovery of tebuconazole in fortified matrix was above 90% with a limit of quantification (LOQ) at 0.05 mg kg−1. The initial deposits of tebuconazole on apple at two locations under study ranged from 1.986–2.011 mg kg−1at X dose to 3.698–3.843 mg kg−1 at 2X dose. The initial deposits in tomato, chilli and onion were 1.129, 1.760 and 1.169 mg kg−1 at X dose and 2.213, 2.784 and 2.340 mg kg−1, respectively at the 2X dose. Dissipation of the fungicide followed first-order of kinetics and the half life of degradation ranged from 1.30–2.25 days at X dose to 1.40–2.62 days at 2X days on different crops under study. Residues declined below the determination limit (LOQ) of 15 and 20 days after spraying, respectively, at X and 2X dose in apple; 7 and 10 days in tomato; 10 and 15 days in chilli and onion. Waiting periods of 5, 2, 7 and 12 days, respectively, are suggested for apple, tomato, chilli and onion at 2X dose.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anonymous (2005) Network project on wilt of crops submitted to ICAR. Annual Report. New Delhi.7
Anonymous (2016a) Package of practices for vegetable crops. Dr YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry. Nauni, Solan (HP)
Anonymous (2016b) http // www. chem. purdue. edu/gchelp/how to solve it/Kinetics/Integrated Rate Laws.html. Accessed 24January 2018
Anonymous (2018) www.mospi.nic.in/statistical-yearbookIndia 2018. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. Government of India
Asensio-Ramos M, Hernandez-Borges J, Ravelo-Perez LM, Rodriguez-Delgado MA (2010) Evaluation of modified QuEChERS method for the extraction of pesticides from agricultural, ornamental and forestal soils. Anal Bioanal Chem 396:2307–2319
Baig SA, Akhtera NA, Ashfaq M (2009) Determination of the organophophorus pesticides in vegetables by high performance liquid chromatography. Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci 6:513–519
Bayer CropScience (2012) http://www.bayercropscience.com/bayer/cropscience/cscms.nsf/id/tebuconazole.htm (accessed June 2013e)
Blankson GK, Osei-Fosu P, Adeendze EA, Ashie D (2016) Contamination levels of organophosphorus and synthetic pyrethroid pesticides in vegetables marketed in Accra, Ghana. J. Food Control 68:174–180
Boyer J, Liu RH (2004) Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits. Nutr J 3:5
Codex MRLs (2017) Codex pesticides residues in food online database. Codex Alimentarius, International Food Standards, WHO, FAO. http://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/ standards/pestres/pesticide-detail/en/?p_id=234 (Accessed in May, 2017)
Dubey JK, Patyal SK, Katna S, Devi N, Sharma A, Chauhan A (2017) Residue dynamics of Luna Experience on apple. Indian J Plant Prot 45:125–129
Edwards CA (1975) Factors that effect the persistence of pesticides in plants and soils. Pure Appl Chem 42:39–56
EFSA (2011) Review of the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for tebuconazole according to Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 396/ 20051. EFSA 2011(9):2339
Elshahawy IE, Saied N, Abd-El-Kareem F, Morsy A, Hozien M (2018) Effect of inoculum density of Stromatinia capivora on the ability of scleroteal mycoparasites to suppress white rot in garlic. J Dis Med Plants 4:48–58
FAOSTAT (Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database) (2012) Production data. Available online at http:// faostat.fao.org/
FAOSTAT (Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database) (2019) http:// faostat.fao.org/
Francotte E, Davatz A, Richert P (1996) Development and validation of chiral high performance liquid chromatographic methods for the quantitation of valsartan and of the tosylate of valinebenzyl ester. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 686:77–83
Griffiths G, Trueman L, Crowther T, Thomas B, Smith B (2002) Onions – a global benefit to health. Phytother Res 16:603–615
Gupta SK, Gupta GK (1992) Relative efficacy of scab fungicides in protective spray programme against summer diseases of apple during four years period. Pestology 16:28–31
Hoskin WM (1961) Mathematical treatment of loss of pesticide residues. FAO Plant Prot Bull 9:163–168
HSD (Horticulture statistics division) (2018) Horticulture statistics at a glance 2018 Horticulture statistics division, Department of Agriculture, cooperation and Farmers’ Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Govt of India. http://agricoop.nic.in/sites/default/files/horticulture%20 statistics glance 2018 pdf
Hubner W (2004) On the use of the correlation coefficient r for testing the linearity of calibration functions. Accred Qual Assur 9:726
Jaime MDLA, Hovins MHY, McDonald MR (1999) Field evaluation of tebuconazole to control onion white rot. In Fungi nemati tests. Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, p. 22
Juraske R, Fantke P, Ramirez ACR, Gonzalez A (2012) Pesticide residue dynamics in passion fruits: comparing field trial and modelling results. Chemosphere 89:850–855
Karthika C, Muraleedharan NN (2009) Contribution of leaf growth on the disappearance of fungicides used on tea under south Indian agro climatic conditions. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 10:422–426
Katna S, Dubey JK, Patyal SK, Devi N, Chauhan A, Sharma A (2018) Residue dynamics and risk assessment of Luna Experience® (fluopyram + tebuconazole) and chlorpyrifos on French beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:27594–27605
Lakshmesha K, Lakshmidevi K, Aradhya N, Mallikarjuna S (2005) Changes in pectinase and cellulase activity of Colletotrichum capsici mutants and their effect on anthracnose disease on capsicum fruit. Arch Phytopathol Plant Protect 38:267–279
Litoriya NS, Patel SH, Joshi MN, Shah PG (2017) Dissipation kinetics, residue status and risk assessment of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole combi-product in cowpea. Pestic Res J 29:196–203
Mohapatra S (2014) Persistence and dissipation kinetics of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole in onion and soil. J Environ Sci Health Part B 49:513–520. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2014.896674
Mohapatra S (2015) Comparison of the residue persistence and dissipation kinetics of trifloxystrobin (25%) + tebuconazole (50%) on gherkin and soil at two locations. Environ Monit Assess 187:769–781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-4964-x
Mohapatra S, Ahuja AK, Deepa M, Jagadish GK, Prakash GS, Kumar S (2010) Behaviour of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on grapes under semi-arid tropical climatic conditions. Pest Manag Sci 66:910–915
Mohapatra S, Deepa M, Jagdish GK (2011) Residue study of tebuconazole and quinalphos on onion. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 87:703–707
Mohapatra S, Siddamallaiah L, Radhika B, Matadha NY (2018) Dissipation kinetics and risk assessment of fluopyram and tebuconazole in mango (Mangifera indica). Int J Environ Anal Chem 98:229–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2018.1445244
NHB (National Horticulture Board) (2017) http://nhb.gov.in/PDFViwer. aspx. Accessed 11 January 2018
Pandotra VR (2012) Purple blotch disease of onions in Punjab. Proc Ind Acad Sci-Sect B 62:229–234
Patel BV, Chawla S, Gor H, Upadhyay P, Parmar KD, Patel AR, Shah PG (2016) Residue decline and risk assessment of fluopyram + tebuconazole (400SC) in/on onion (Allium cepa). Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:20871–20881
Patyal SK, Sharma ID, Chandel RS, Dubey JK (2013) Dissipation kinetics of trifloxistrobin and tebuconazole on apple (Malus domestica) and soil- a multi-location study from north western Himalayan region. Chemosphere 92:949–954
Potter TL, Strickland TC, Joo H, Culbreath AK (2005) Accelerated soil dissipation of tebuconazole following multiple applications to peanut. J Environ Qual 34:1205–1213
Ramyabharathi SA, Meena B, Raguhchander T (2012) Induction of chitinase and b1,3-glucanase PR proteins in tomato through liquid formulated Bacillus subtilis EPCO 16 against Fusarium wilt. Todays Biol Sci Res Rev JTBSRR 1:50–60
Reddy SA, Bagyaraj DJ, Kale RD (2012) Management of tomato bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas campestris using vermin compost. J Biopest 5:10–13
Saha S, Purath AS, Jadhav MR, Loganathan M, Banerjee K, Rai AB (2014) Bioefficacy, residue dynamics and safety assessment of the combination fungicide Trifloxystrobin 25%+tebuconazole 50%-75 WG in managing early blight of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). J Environ Sci Health B 86(2): 49):134–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2014.847257
Saha S, Jadhav MR, Shabeer TPA, Banerjee K, Sharma BK, Loganathan M, Rai AB (2016) Safety assessment and bioefficacy of fluopyram 20%+tebuconazole 20% 40 SC in Chilli, Capsicum annum L. against anthracnose disease. Proc Nat Acad Sci India Sect B Biological Sciences 86:359–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40011-014-0450-4
Sahoo SK, Jyot G, Battu RS, Singh B (2012) Dissipation kinetics of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on chilli and soil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 88:368–371
SANTE (2017) European Union Guidance document on analytical quality control and method validation procedures for pesticide residues analysis in food and feed, Document No., SANTE/11813/2017
Seiber J N, Kleinschmidt L (2010) Environmental transport and fate. In: Krieger, R(Ed.). Hayes handbook of pesticide toxicology, third ed Academic Press, London UK 1219-1227
Sharma KK (2013) Pesticide residues analysis manual. IARI, New Delhi 251 pp
Sharma IM, Bhardwaj SS (1999) Canker and foliar diseases of apple. In: Verma LR, Sharma RC (eds) Diseases of horticultural crops- fruit. Indus publishing company, New Delhi, p 724
Sharma ID, Nath A (2005) Persistence of different pesticides in apple. Acta Hortic 696(437):440
Sharma JN, Verma KD (2005) Integrated management of foliar and fruit diseases of apple in Himachal Pradesh. J Mycol Pl Pathol 35:368–380
Sharma KK, Tripathy V, Rao CS, Vemuri SB, Reddy KN, Jyot G, Sahoo SK, Singh B, Mandal K, Banerjee H, Banerjee T, Bhattacharya S, George T, Beevi N, Sharma K, Tayade A, Gopal M, Walia S (2019) Persistence, dissipation, and risk assessment of a combination formulation of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole fungicides in/on tomato. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 108:104471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104471
Singh G, Singh B (2014) Residue dynamics and risk assessment of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.). Am J Environ Prot 2:59–63
Singh KP, Kumar J, Prasad RK (2008) Apple scab, caused by Venturia inaequalis in India. J Plant Pathol 90:S2.81–S2.465
Singh G, Takker R, Chahil GS, Jyot G, Sk S (2014) Risk assessment of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole residues on Allium cepa. Lett Appl Nano Biosci 3:201–204
Sorensen, KA (2005) Vegetable insect pest management. www.ces.ncsu, edu/depts..// ent/notes/Vegetables /veg 37.html-11k
Thamburaj S, Singh N (2015) Vegetables, tubercrops and spices. Directorate of Knowledge Management in agriculture. ICAR, Pusa, 469p
USEPA. Washington DC 20460 (2015). https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/ppls/000100-01262-20150128.pdf.
Wang Y, Wang C, Gao J, Liu C, Cui L, Li A (2015) Dissipation, residues, and safety evaluation of trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole on ginseng and soil. Environ Monit Assess 187:344
WHO FAO (2008) http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agphome/documents/Pests_Pesticides/JMPR/Evaluation11/Tebuconazole.pdf
Wickramaarachchi WART, Athauda AATR, Dissanayaka DMK (2004) Evaluation of selected fungicides for controlling purple blotch disease of small onions. Annals Sri Lankan Dept Agric 6:237–244
You X, Li Y, Wang X, Xu J, Zheng X, Sui C (2017) Residue analysis and risk assessment of tebuconazole in jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill). Biomed Chromatogr 31:3917
Funding
The authors received financial assistance and were provided the analytical standards and formulated products from M/s Bayer CropScience, Maharashtra, India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dubey, J.K., Patyal, S.K., Katna, S. et al. Persistence and dissipation kinetics of tebuconazole in apple, tomato, chilli and onion crops of Himachal Pradesh, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 11290–11302 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07724-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-07724-5