Abstract
Water samples and sediments from Liangzi Lake were taken and used to study the vertical distribution characteristics of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in both the overlying and pore water. Fluxes of ammonia (NH4+-N) and phosphate (PO43−-P) were calculated using a one-dimensional transport-reaction model based on Fick’s First Law. The results showed that the mean NH4+-N and NO3−-N concentrations in the overlying water of Liangzi Lake were 2.59 and 0.46 mg L−1, respectively. The mean PO43−-P concentrations were lower than the detection limit. Both N and P displayed peaks at the sediment-water interface. For example, the mean concentration of ammonia in pore water in the surficial layer (0–5 cm) was 4.29 ± 2.74 mg·L−1, which was twice than that of the overlying water. Two PO43−-P vertical profile regimes were identified; one had a gradually increasing trend, while the other first increased and then decreased. The mean orthophosphate concentration in the pore water of the surface layer (0–5 cm) was 0.01 ± 0.01 mg·L−1. The spatial distribution of ammonia flux values was highly heterogeneous. Using these data, the annual load contribution of autochthonous ammonia was calculated to be 481 t a−1. Studying N and P pollution and fluxes in the lakes of urban drinking water sources facilitates the provision of protection measures.
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Acknowledgments
We appreciate the valuable comments and suggestions of the journal editors and anonymous reviewers. The authors also thank their colleagues from the Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for their help during field work. We thank Paul Seward, PhD, from Liwen Bianji, Edanz Group China (www.liwenbianji.cn/ac), for editing the English text of a draft of this manuscript.
Funding
This work was supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1501235) and the National Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (2017ZX07107-004) and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS (Wenqiang Zhang, 2018058).
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Meng, X., Zhang, W. & Shan, B. Distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus and estimation of nutrient fluxes in the water and sediments of Liangzi Lake, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27, 7096–7104 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07398-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07398-8