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Continuous efficient removal and inactivation mechanism of E. coli by bismuth-doped SnO2/C electrocatalytic membrane

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Abstract

The Bi-SnO2/C electrocatalytic membrane was fabricated via a simple electrochemical reduction and hydrothermal method. Under the action of electric field, the Sn2+ and Bi3+ were firstly adsorbed and reduced to metallic Sn and Bi on the carbon membrane surface by cathodic reduction reaction, and the Bi-SnO2/C membrane was obtained subsequently through hydrothermal oxidation process. Confirmed by SEM, TEM, XRD, and XPS characterizations, the nano-Bi-SnO2 is homogeneously distributed on the membrane surface and is firmly attached to the carbon membrane via C–O–Sn chemical bond. Through CV, LSV, and EIS electrochemical analysis, the Bi-SnO2/C membrane possesses the higher electrocatalytic activity and stability than carbon membrane. Therefore, the Bi-SnO2/C membrane could continuously efficiently remove and inactivate Escherichia coli in water through flow-through mode. As a result, the sterilization efficiency can reach more than 99.99% under the conditions of cell voltage 4 V, flow rate 1.4 mL/min, and E. coli initial concentration 1.0 × 104 CFU/mL, owing to the synergistic effect of the membrane separation and electrocatalytic oxidation. Moreover, it was found that the oxidation groups of ⋅OH radicals generated by Bi-SnO2/C membrane play the crucial role for bactericidal performance. This work presents a low-cost, highly active, and stable electrocatalytic membrane towards continuous bacterial inactivation, which exhibits promising potential in water disinfection and is beneficial for practical large-scale applications.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51878659) and Youth Development Program of Military Medical Technology (No. 19QNP111).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China

    Pengfei Wang & Yu Deng

  2. Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of Military Science of Chinese PLA, Tianjin, 300161, China

    Limei Hao, Lei Zhao, Xinqi Zhang, Cheng Deng, Hongbin Liu & Mengfu Zhu

Authors
  1. Pengfei Wang
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  2. Yu Deng
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  3. Limei Hao
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  4. Lei Zhao
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  5. Xinqi Zhang
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  6. Cheng Deng
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  7. Hongbin Liu
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  8. Mengfu Zhu
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Correspondence to Cheng Deng or Mengfu Zhu.

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Wang, P., Deng, Y., Hao, L. et al. Continuous efficient removal and inactivation mechanism of E. coli by bismuth-doped SnO2/C electrocatalytic membrane. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 11399–11409 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04576-6

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