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Combustion, performance, and emissions of a compression ignition engine using Pongamia biodiesel and bioethanol

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Abstract

Concerns over the depletion of conventional fuels have increased interest in new renewable energy sources like alcohol- and vegetable-based oils. Major drawbacks of using esters of vegetable oils, known as biodiesel, include reduced engine performance and increased emissions of oxides of nitrogen. In the present study, the effects of ethanol on biodiesel and mineral diesel blends in a diesel engine are experimentally investigated. The ethanol is produced from cashew apple juice by fermentation. Experiments are conducted using B20 Pongamia biodiesel with ethanol in proportions of 5, 7.5, and 10% by volume at varying load conditions. The results indicate that a B20 biodiesel blend with 7.5% ethanol yields a higher brake thermal efficiency and lower brake-specific energy consumption than pure B20 (20% biodiesel + 80% diesel), as well as significantly reduced emissions such as oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and smoke.

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Abbreviations

AӨ :

Heat transfer surface area of combustion chamber (m2)

B:

Cylinder bore diameter (m)

B20:

20% Pongamia biodiesel + 80% diesel (by volume %)

B20E5D75:

20% Pongamia biodiesel + 5% ethanol + 75% diesel (by volume %)

B20E7.5D72.5:

20% Pongamia biodiesel + 7.5% ethanol + 72.5% diesel (by volume %)

B20E10D70:

20% Pongamia biodiesel + 10% ethanol +7 0% diesel (by volume %)

BSEC:

Brake-specific energy consumption (kJ/kWh)

BSFC:

Brake-specific fuel consumption (kg/kWh)

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency (%)

C v :

Specific heat at constant volume (J/kg K)

CI:

Compression ignition

dQG/dθ:

Gross heat release rate (J/deg. CA)

dQGN/dθ:

Net heat release rate (J/deg. CA)

dQht/dθ:

Heat transfer rate to cylinder wall (J/deg. CA)

h :

Heat transfer coefficient (W/m2 K)

HSO:

Hartridge smoke unit

m :

Mass of fluid (kg)

p :

Pressure (bar)

R :

Characteristic gas constant (J/kg K)

Re:

Reynolds number

T :

Mean gas temperature (K)

TDC:

Top dead center

T wall :

Mean cylinder wall temperature (K)

U :

Internal energy (J)

V :

Volume (m3)

X CO :

Concentration of carbon monoxide (%vol)

X HC :

Concentration of hydrocarbons (ppm)

X NOx :

Concentration of oxides of nitrogen (ppm)

Ө:

Crank angle (deg.)

γ:

Ratio of specific heats

σ:

Stefan-Boltzmann constant (Wm−2 K−4)

ρ:

Density (kg/m3)

μ:

Dynamic viscosity (kg/m s−1)

λ:

Gas thermal conductivity (W/mK)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India

    Pijakala Dinesha & Shiva Kumar

  2. Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario, L1G 0C5, Canada

    Marc A. Rosen

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  1. Pijakala Dinesha
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  2. Shiva Kumar
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  3. Marc A. Rosen
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Correspondence to Shiva Kumar.

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Dinesha, P., Kumar, S. & Rosen, M.A. Combustion, performance, and emissions of a compression ignition engine using Pongamia biodiesel and bioethanol. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 8069–8079 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04270-7

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