Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) can be transferred and accumulated in spiders, posing a survival risk to them. To analyze potential biological damage caused by Cd accumulation and relevant detoxification strategies employed by spiders in response to Cd exposure, we conducted transcriptome analysis of the 5th instar spider P. pseudoannulata, a common spider species playing a vital role in natural pest control in agricultural fields of southern China. We obtained 92,778 unigenes with an average length of 1104 bp and identified 302, 655, and 424 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the spiders fed with Cd-containing fruit flies for 2, 5, and 8 days, respectively. Results showed that the body mass of Cd-containing P. pseudoannulata were reduced when compared with controls, presumably due to delayed maturation of tissues and organs. Meanwhile, functional analysis of DEGs indicated that Cd may have a negative effect on neural signal transduction and molt cycle of the spider. For defense strategies, detoxification enzymes like glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and P450, and typical proteins like heat shock protein and metallothionein were all differentially expressed in response to Cd stress. Besides, innate immune responses like toll-like receptor signaling pathways were also upregulated. Multiple critical Cd-responsive genes involved in biological damage, detoxification, and immune response were identified, providing referable foundation for further research on Cd toxicity to P. pseudoannulata.
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Abbreviations
- Cd:
-
cadmium
- bp:
-
base pair
- P. pseudoannulata :
-
Pardosa pseudoannulata
- RNA-Seq:
-
RNA-sequencing
- SOD:
-
superoxide dismutase
- CAT:
-
catalase
- TS-2:
-
spider fed with Cd-containing fruit fly for 2 days
- TS-5:
-
spider fed with Cd-containing fruit fly for 5 days
- TS-8:
-
spider fed with Cd-containing fruit fly for 8 days
- CS:
-
control spider
- FPKM:
-
reads per kilobase of exon model per million mapped reads
- RT-qPCR:
-
real time quantitative PCR
- FDR:
-
false discovery rate
- DEGs:
-
differential expression genes
- ROS:
-
reactive oxygen species
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Oebiotech Enterprise (Shanghai) for their technical assistance.
Funding
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of P. R. China (No. 31472017, 31272339), the key projects of Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department (No. 2014FJ2003), the Planned Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province, China (No. 2015RS4036), the research project of Hunan Provincial Education Department (No. 15C0666), the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China (No. CAAS-ASTIP-IBFC), and the postgraduate research projects of Hunan Province, China (CX2017B361).
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The ethical approval was not required. Materials used in this study were unregulated common arthropod spiders, Pardosa pseudoannulata, and insect Drosophila melanogaster.
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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Juan Wang and Baoyang Wei are co-first authors.
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Wang, J., Wei, B., Peng, Y. et al. Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular response to cadmium toxicity in P. pseudoannulata. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 34294–34305 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3269-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3269-3