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Ionizing radiation exposure: hazards, prevention, and biomarker screening

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Abstract

Radiation is a form of energy derived from a source that is propagated through material in space. It consists of ionizing radiation or nonionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is a feature of the environment and an important tool in medical treatment, but it can cause serious damage to organisms. A number of protective measures and standards of protection have been proposed to protect against radiation. There is also a need for biomarkers to rapidly assess individual doses of radiation, which can not only estimate the dose of radiation but also determine its effects on health. Proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics have been widely used in the search for such biomarkers. These topics are discussed in depth in this review.

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Abbreviations

A-bomb:

Atomic bomb

ALARA:

As low as reasonably achievable

CA:

Chernobyl accident

CT:

Computed tomography

CVD:

Cardiovascular disease

HDR:

High-dose radiation

IR:

Ionizing radiation

LC:

Liquid chromatography

LSS:

Life span study

MS:

Mass spectrometry

NC:

Nuclear accident

NIR:

Nonionizing radiation

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

RT:

Radiotherapy

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Funding

This work was supported by the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program (No. JCKY2016403C001), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1401231), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2014 M562115), and the Research Initiation Funding of University of South China for the Returned Scholars from Abroad (No. 2014XQD46).

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Author notes

  1. Hongxiang Mu and Jing Sun contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, College of pharmaceutical and biological science, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China

    Hongxiang Mu, Jing Sun, Linwei Li, Jie Yin & Lan Yi

  2. Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defense for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China

    Jie Yin, Nan Hu, Weichao Zhao, Dexin Ding & Lan Yi

Authors
  1. Hongxiang Mu
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  2. Jing Sun
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  3. Linwei Li
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  4. Jie Yin
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  5. Nan Hu
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  6. Weichao Zhao
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  7. Dexin Ding
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  8. Lan Yi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lan Yi.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Mu, H., Sun, J., Li, L. et al. Ionizing radiation exposure: hazards, prevention, and biomarker screening. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 15294–15306 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2097-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2097-9

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