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Geochemical fractionation and pollution assessment of Zn, Cu, and Fe in surface sediments from Shadegan Wildlife Refuge, southwest of Iran

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Abstract

This research focuses on the fractionation and distribution patterns of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, and Fe) in surficial sediments collected from Shadegan Wildlife Refuge, the biggest wetland in southern part of Iran, to provide an overall classification for the sources of metals in the study area using a sequential extraction method. For this purpose, a four-step sequential extraction technique was applied to define the partitioning of the metals into different geochemical phases of the sediment. The results illustrated that the average total level of Zn, Cu, and Fe in surface sediments were 55.20 ± 16.04, 22.86 ± 5.68, and 25,979.01 ± 6917.91 μg/g dw, respectively. On the average, the chemical partitioning of all metals in most stations was in the order of residual >oxidizable-organic > acid-reducible > exchangeable. In the same way, the results of calculated geochemical indices revealed that Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations are mainly influenced by lithogenic origins. Compared with consensus-based SQGs, Cu was likely to result in occasionally harmful biological effects on the biota.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by funds provided by Arvandan Oil and Gas Company of Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Behnam Heidari Chaharlang

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resource and Marine Science, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran

    Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari

  3. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

    Jahangard Mohammadi

  4. Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Parvin Farshchi

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  1. Behnam Heidari Chaharlang
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  2. Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari
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Correspondence to Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari.

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Chaharlang, B.H., Bakhtiari, A.R., Mohammadi, J. et al. Geochemical fractionation and pollution assessment of Zn, Cu, and Fe in surface sediments from Shadegan Wildlife Refuge, southwest of Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 21334–21350 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9547-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9547-7

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