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Economic and sustainable management of wastes from rice industry: combating the potential threats

  • Review Article
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Abstract

Rice is one of the imperative staple foods, particularly in the developing countries. The exponential boom in human population has resulted in the continuous expansion in the rice industry in order to meet the food demands. The various stages of paddy processing release huge quantity of solid wastes, mainly rice husk, rice husk ash and liquid wastes in the form of rice industry wastewater. The discharge of the rice industry wastewater imparts a substantial threat to the aquatic bodies and the nearby surrounding and, thus, consequently demands eco-benign treatment plan. As a result, different strategies are needed to enhance the effluent quality and minimize the operational cost of the treatment process. Therefore, efficient technological approach targeting the minimization of pollution as well as assuring the economic prosperity should be implemented. In this review article, several aspects related to the rice industry discussing the significant challenges involved in the generation of both solid and liquid wastes, mitigation experiments and future prospects have been meticulously elaborated. Furthermore, the article also focuses on the various processes utilized for reducing the pollution load and promoting the practice of reuse and recycle of waste rather than the discharge action for the sake of sustainability and the emergence of novel techniques for the generation of energy and value-added products.

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Abbreviations

α :

time for the lag phase (h)

ACS:

automated carbonization system

BOD:

biological oxygen demand

COD:

chemical oxygen demand

CPCB:

Central Pollution Control Board

CRH:

carbonized rice husk

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organization

h:

hour

HRT:

hydraulic retention time

P H2 :

production potential (mL)

PAC:

poly-aluminium chloride

POME:

palm oil mill effluent

RH:

rice husk

RHA:

rice husk ash

R m :

maximum H2 production rate (mL/h)

rpm:

revolution per minute

RS:

rice straw

t :

time (h)

TDS:

total dissolved solids

TSS:

total suspended solids

UASB:

upflow aerobic sludge blanket

ZSM-5:

Zeolite Socony Mobil–5

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), Government of India, for the necessary funds during the execution of the current work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India

    Anuj Kumar, Abhishek Roy, Bratin Sengupta & Tamal Mandal

  2. Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India

    Rashmi Priyadarshinee & Dalia Dasguptamandal

  3. Department of Life Science, Christ University, Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, Karnataka, India

    Alok Malaviya

Authors
  1. Anuj Kumar
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  2. Abhishek Roy
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  3. Rashmi Priyadarshinee
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  4. Bratin Sengupta
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  5. Alok Malaviya
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  6. Dalia Dasguptamandal
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  7. Tamal Mandal
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Correspondence to Tamal Mandal.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Kumar, A., Roy, A., Priyadarshinee, R. et al. Economic and sustainable management of wastes from rice industry: combating the potential threats. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24, 26279–26296 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0293-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0293-7

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