Abstract
Three sub-basins of the Seine River (France) under contrasted land uses (i.e., forested, agricultural, and urban) have been investigated in order to assess the origin and seasonal variation of trace metals, and evaluate their geochemical background and dynamics. Our results highlight a high anthropogenic impact on all elements for both the dissolved and particulate fractions. The main source for each element in the dissolved phase was determined and shows that transition and post-transition metals mainly originate from forested areas, while alkali and alkaline earth elements, metalloids, and halogens rather originate from agricultural land use. Conversely, for the particulate phase, most of the elements cannot be associated with a specific land use. Seasonal variation of elements was assessed according to the forested and agricultural land uses, and geochemical backgrounds were determined using average export rates, highlighting that the geochemical background for the forested land use is higher than the agricultural one for most of the elements. Finally, to confirm those results, Zn dynamics in the three characteristic sub-basins and between the different land uses was investigated using a combination of Zn speciation, Zn isotopic ratio, and Zn export rates.
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Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully thank Laure Cordier, Julien Moureau, Mickaël Tharaud, and Emmanuelle Rimbault for their analytical help, and acknowledge the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, French CRG committees and FAME CRG beamline for provision of synchrotron radiation time and facilities. The authors are indebted to Farid Juillot for having provided several model compounds spectra for Zn K-edge EXAFS analysis. Finally, the authors thank the editor-in-chief Philippe Garrigues and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments that improved the manuscript. Parts of this work were supported by IPGP multidisciplinary program PARI, and by Paris–IdF region SESAME Grant no. 12015908. This work was supported by grants from Région Ile-de-France R2DS and PIREN Seine programs.
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Zn separation protocol for isotopic analysis (Table S1); Zn concentrations and isotopic ratios (Table S2); new reference compounds spectra analysis (Fig. S1); new reference compounds first shell results (Table S3); average dissolved concentrations (Fig. S2); discharges and dissolved concentrations (Table S4); dissolved export rates (Table S5); average particulate concentrations (Fig. S3); SPM and particulate concentrations (Table S6); particulate export rates (Table S7); factor loading matrix from factor analysis on dissolved export rates (Table S8); factor loading matrix from factor analysis on particulate export rates (Table S9); X-ray diffraction analysis (Fig. S4); references EXAFS spectra (Fig. S5); linear combination fit analysis description (Fig. S6); linear combination fit results (Table S10); seasonal average dissolved export rates for the forested sub-basin (Table S11); seasonal average particulate export rates for the forested sub-basin (Table S12); seasonal average dissolved export rates for the agricultural sub-basin (Table S13); seasonal average particulate export rates for the agricultural sub-basin (Table S14). (DOCX 787 kb)
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Bonnot, C.A., Gélabert, A., Louvat, P. et al. Trace metals dynamics under contrasted land uses: contribution of statistical, isotopic, and EXAFS approaches. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 23383–23403 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6901-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6901-0