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Effects of perchlorate bioaccumulation on Spodoptera litura growth and sex ratio

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Abstract

Perchlorate (ClO4 −) pollution is widespread in the natural environment, but the effects of ClO4 − on the terrestrial insects are rarely studied. Here, when phytophagous insect Spodoptera litura larvae were fed on the diets with different ClO4 − concentrations, changes in their life-history traits were recorded; ClO4 − accumulations in feces and insect body were detected. The results demonstrated that ClO4 − bioaccumulation in insect at the different developmental stages was ranked in the order: adults > pupae > the 4th > 5th > 6th instar larvae. Besides, ClO4 − accumulations in the feces were ranked in the order: the 6th > 5th > 4th instar larvae. The ClO4 − accumulations in female pupae and adults were significantly higher than that in males. ClO4 − bioaccumulation in insect prolonged larval development time and caused a skewed sex ratio (the percentage of males at metamorphosis significantly decreased) under 100 to 200 mg ClO4 −/kg treatment. Therefore, ClO4 − accumulations in S. litura body presented developmental stage-, sex-specific pattern, and the sex-specific ClO4 − accumulations resulted in difference of sex ratio. These effects were observed at concentrations reported in natural environments contaminated with ClO4 −, suggesting that this contaminant may pose a threat to the normal development and growth of this insect species.

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Acknowledgments

This work was partly supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 41271469 and Project No. 31200308) and National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program; Project No. 2011CB100400).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. College of Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China

      Junhao Qin, Hongzhi He & Huashou Li

    2. College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China

      Yinghua Shu

    3. Zhongshan Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute of Agricultural Products, Zhongshan, China

      Yongjun Li

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    1. Junhao Qin
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    2. Yinghua Shu
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    3. Yongjun Li
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    4. Hongzhi He
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    5. Huashou Li
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    Corresponding author

    Correspondence to Huashou Li.

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    Responsible editor: Elena Maestri

    Junhao Qin and Yinghua Shu contributed equally to this work.

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    Qin, J., Shu, Y., Li, Y. et al. Effects of perchlorate bioaccumulation on Spodoptera litura growth and sex ratio. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 8881–8889 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6124-4

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-6124-4

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