Abstract
The farmland tillage practices changed the soil chemical properties, which also impacted the soil respiration (R s ) process and the soil carbon conservation. Originally, the farmland in northeast China had high soil carbon content, which was decreased in the recent decades due to the tillage practices. To better understand the R s dynamics in different land use types and its relationship with soil carbon loss, soil samples at two layers (0–15 and 15–30 cm) were analyzed for organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total carbon (TC), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), soil particle size distribution, as well as the R s rate. The R s rate of the paddy land was 0.22 (at 0–15 cm) and 3.01 (at 15–30 cm) times of the upland. The average concentrations of OC and clay content in cultivated areas were much lower than in non-cultivated areas. The partial least squares analysis suggested that the TC and TN were significantly related to the R s process in cultivated soils. The upland soil was further used to test soil CO2 emission response at different biochar addition levels during 70-days incubation. The measurement in the limited incubation period demonstrated that the addition of biochar improved the soil C content because it had high concentration of pyrogenic C, which was resistant to mineralization. The analysis showed that biochar addition can promote soil OC by mitigating carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. The biochar addition achieved the best performance for the soil carbon conservation in high-latitude agricultural area due to the originally high carbon content.
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful for the assistance of the Bawujiu Farm in Heilongjiang Province. This study was financially supported by the Supporting Program of the “Twelfth Five-year Plan” for Science & Technology Research of China (2012BAD15B05), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41371018), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
Conflict of interest
The samplings of the soil were permitted by the local farm. Information obtained from other publication has been cited properly. All contributors to this paper have been listed in the authors and all the authors had read the final version and agreed to the submission. All authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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The research did not involve the human participants and animals. The supporters of the study have been clearly listed in the MS.
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Ouyang, W., Geng, X., Huang, W. et al. Soil respiration characteristics in different land uses and response of soil organic carbon to biochar addition in high-latitude agricultural area. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 2279–2287 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5306-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5306-9