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Dynamics and distribution of bacterial and archaeal communities in oil-contaminated temperate coastal mudflat mesocosms

  • DECAPAGE Project: Hydrocarbon degradation in coastal sediments*
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Abstract

Mudflats are ecologically important habitats that are susceptible to oil pollution, but intervention is difficult in these fine-grained sediments, and so clean-up usually relies on natural attenuation. Therefore, we investigated the impact of crude oil on the bacterial, diatom and archaeal communities within the upper parts of the diatom-dominated sediment and the biofilm that detached from the surface at high tide. Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons was rapid, with a 50 % decrease in concentration in the 0–2-mm section of sediment by 3 days, indicating the presence of a primed hydrocarbon-degrading community. The biggest oil-induced change was in the biofilm that detached from the sediment, with increased relative abundance of several types of diatom and of the obligately hydrocarbonoclastic Oleibacter sp., which constituted 5 % of the pyrosequences in the oiled floating biofilm on day 3 compared to 0.6 % in the non-oiled biofilm. Differences in bacterial community composition between oiled and non-oiled samples from the 0–2-mm section of sediment were only significant at days 12 to 28, and the 2–4-mm-sediment bacterial communities were not significantly affected by oil. However, specific members of the Chromatiales were detected (1 % of sequences in the 2–4-mm section) only in the oiled sediment, supporting other work that implicates them in anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation. Unlike the Bacteria, the archaeal communities were not significantly affected by oil. In fact, changes in community composition over time, perhaps caused by decreased nutrient concentration and changes in grazing pressure, overshadowed the effect of oil for both Bacteria and Archaea. Many obligate hydrocarbonoclastic and generalist oil-degrading bacteria were isolated, and there was little correspondence between the isolates and the main taxa detected by pyrosequencing of sediment-extracted DNA, except for Alcanivorax, Thalassolituus, Cycloclasticus and Roseobacter spp., which were detected by both methods.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Anne Fahy and Farid Benyahia for technical advice and assistance, and Boyd McKew for his assistance in designing the mesocosms. We also acknowledge John Green for helping to set up the mesocosms. We are grateful for PhD scholarship funds for GOS from the Petroleum Technology Development Fund (PTDF), Nigeria.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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  1. School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK

    Gbemisola O. Sanni & Terry J. McGenity

  2. School of Energy, Environment and Agrifood, Cranfield University, Building 40, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, UK

    Frédéric Coulon

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  1. Gbemisola O. Sanni
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Sanni, G.O., Coulon, F. & McGenity, T.J. Dynamics and distribution of bacterial and archaeal communities in oil-contaminated temperate coastal mudflat mesocosms. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 15230–15247 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4313-1

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