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Surfactants in atmospheric aerosols and rainwater around lake ecosystem

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Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the composition of surfactants in atmospheric aerosols and rainwater in the vicinity of Lake Chini, Malaysia. Samples of atmospheric aerosol and rainwater were collected between March and September 2011 using a high volume air sampler (HVAS) and glass bottles equipped with funnel. Colorimetric analysis was undertaken to determine the concentration of anionic surfactants as methylene blue active substances (MBAS) and cationic surfactants as disulphine blue active substances (DBAS). The water-soluble ionic compositions were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for cations (Na, K, Mg and Ca) and ion chromatography equipped with a conductivity detector for anions (F−, Cl−, NO3 −, and SO4 2−) and the Nessler Method was used to obtain the NH4 + concentrations. The source apportionment of MBAS and DBAS in atmospheric aerosols was identified using a combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple linear regression (MLR). The results revealed that the concentrations of surfactants in atmospheric aerosols and rainwater were dominated by anionic surfactants as MBAS. The concentration of surfactants as MBAS and DBAS was dominated in fine mode compared to coarse mode aerosols. Using PCA/MLR analysis, two major sources of atmospheric surfactants to Lake Chini were identified as soil dust (75 to 93 %) and biomass burning (2 to 22 %).

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education for funding via Fundamental Research Grants (UKMTOPDOWN-ST-08-FRGS0003-2010 and FRGS/1/2013/SPWN01/UKM/02/) and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia for University Research Grant (DIP-2014-005). Special thanks to Dr. Rose Norman for the assistance with the proofreading of this manuscript and Pusat Penyelidikan Tasik Chini (PPTC) for the research funding with the valuable information and hospitality.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Intan Suraya Razak, Mohd Talib Latif, Shoffian Amin Jaafar, Md Firoz Khan & Idris Mushrifah

  2. Centre for Tropical Climate Change System (IKLIM), Institute for Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Talib Latif & Md Firoz Khan

  3. Pusat Penyelidikan Tasik Chini (PPTC), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Idris Mushrifah

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  1. Intan Suraya Razak
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  2. Mohd Talib Latif
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  3. Shoffian Amin Jaafar
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  4. Md Firoz Khan
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  5. Idris Mushrifah
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Correspondence to Mohd Talib Latif.

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Responsible editor: Constantini Samara

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Razak, I.S., Latif, M.T., Jaafar, S.A. et al. Surfactants in atmospheric aerosols and rainwater around lake ecosystem. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 6024–6033 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3781-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3781-z

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