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Clinical safety and hemodynamic, cardiac autonomic and inflammatory responses to a single session of inspiratory muscle training in obstructive sleep apnea

  • Sleep Breathing Physiology and Disorders • Original Article
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Abstract

Purpose

To determine clinical safety and cardiovascular, cardiac autonomic and inflammatory responses to a single session of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects.

Methods

In a randomized controlled trial individuals of both sexes, aged between 30 and 70 years old with diagnosis of moderate to severe OSA were enrolled. Volunteers with OSA (n = 40) performed an IMT session with three sets of 30 repetitions with a 1-min interval between them. The IMT group (n = 20) used a load of 70% of the maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), and the placebo group (n = 20) performed the IMT without load. Measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and inflammatory markers were performed pre, post-immediate and 1 h after the IMT session.

Results

No differences were shown in SBP, DBP, HRV, or inflammatory markers at any of the intervals analyzed. However, HR in the IMT group was lower ​​1 h after the IMT session compared to the pre-session values ​​(p = 0002). HR was higher in the placebo group when comparing pre × post-immediate (p < 0.001). HR decreased after the first hour in relation to the pre (p < 0.001) and post-immediate (p < 0.001) values.

Conclusion

IMT sessions promote discreet hemodynamic, cardiac autonomic and inflammatory responses. Therefore, IMT is considered clinically safe and can be performed at home, guided but unsupervised, with lower cost and greater adherence to exercise program for subjects with OSA.

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Availability of data and materials

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

Not applicable

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Post Graduate Program of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil

    Sílvia Thamilis Barbosa Pessoa Ferreira, Juliana Baptista Teixeira & Anna Myrna Jaguaribe de Lima

  2. Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Cidade Universitária, s/n - Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB, CEP: 58051-900, Brazil

    Maria do Socorro Brasileiro-Santos

  3. Department de Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-420, Brazil

    Michelle Christiane da Silva Rabello & Virgínia Maria Barros de Lorena

  4. Department of Physical Education, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, CEP: 52171-900, Brazil

    Breno Quintella Farah

  5. Department of Rehabilitation, Hospital Otávio de Freitas (HOF), Rua Aprígio Guimarães, s/n, Tejipió, Recife, PE, CEP: 50920-460, Brazil

    Thayse Neves Santos Silva

  6. Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, CEP: 52171-900, Brazil

    Anna Myrna Jaguaribe de Lima

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  1. Sílvia Thamilis Barbosa Pessoa Ferreira
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Contributions

Sílvia Thamilis Barbosa Pessoa Ferreira — acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data and drafting the manuscript

Juliana Baptista Teixeira and Thayse Neves Santos Silva — acquisition of data

Michelle Christiane da Silva Rabello, Virgínia Maria Barros de Lorena, and Breno Quintella Farah — analysis and/or interpretation of data

Maria do Socorro Brasileiro-Santos — revising the manuscript critically for important intellectual content

Anna Lima Jaguaribe de Lima — conception and design of study, analysis, and/or interpretation of data and revising the manuscript critically for important intellectual content. All the authors read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anna Myrna Jaguaribe de Lima.

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Ethics approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

Informed consent to participate for publication was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Conflict of interest

All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interests; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements) or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge, or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

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Ferreira, S.T.B.P., do Socorro Brasileiro-Santos, M., Teixeira, J.B. et al. Clinical safety and hemodynamic, cardiac autonomic and inflammatory responses to a single session of inspiratory muscle training in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath 26, 99–108 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-021-02364-6

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