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Comprehensive mechanistic insights into the citrus genetics, breeding challenges, biotechnological implications, and omics-based interventions

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Abstract

Citrus is an economically important fruit crop growing worldwide, with enormous health benefits. However, conventional citrus breeding has been hindered by a variety of genetic factors, thereby becoming obsolete and insufficient. Citrus research mostly focused on botanical, taxonomic, and cytogenetics issues. Nowadays the knowledge base has strengthened with the plausible outcomes of commercially successful varietal releases. Unfortunately; this has been gradual with only a few success stories among citrus rootstocks and even fewer among scion cultivars. Recent advancements in genetics, molecular biology, biotechnology, and omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) have expedited citrus breeding and genetics research. Linkage mapping, genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships, mutation breeding, mapping, and the international citrus genome sequencing initiatives along with functional analysis have been comprehensively summarized in this review. While providing information on future avenues, this review provides novel mechanistic compiled up-to-date information based on the past and recent progress, facilitating their broader applications to accelerate citrus breeding.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2

taken from https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/)

Fig. 3

taken from Wikipedia and https://www.citrusgenomedb.org)

Fig. 4
Fig. 5

taken from Wikipedia and https://www.citrusgenomedb.org)

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Abbreviations

cpDNA:

Chloroplast DNA

GSH:

Glutathione

IAEA:

International Atomic Energy Agency

ICGC:

The International Citrus Genome Consortium

iTS:

Internal transcribed spacer

MAS:

Marker-assisted selection

NGS:

Next-generation sequencing

NMR:

Nuclear magnetic resonance

PCA:

Principal component analysis

UPLC-ESI–MS/MS:

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

UTR:

Untranslated region

AFLP:

Amplified fragment length polymorphism

AMOVA:

Analysis of variance

CAPS:

Cleaved amplification polymorphic sequence

EST:

Expressed sequence tag

IRAP:

Inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism

ISSR:

Inter-simple sequence repeats

LTR-IRAP:

Long terminal repeats IRAP

LTR-REMAP:

LTR-retrotransposon-microsatellite amplified polymorphism

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

PIC:

Polymorphism information content

RAPD:

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA

RFLP:

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

SAMPL:

Selective amplification of polymorphic loci

SCAR:

Sequence-characterized amplification regions

SCoT:

Start codon targeted

SNP:

Single-nucleotide polymorphism

SRAP:

Sequence-related amplified polymorphism

SSAP:

Sequence-specific amplification polymorphisms

SSCP:

Single-stranded conformation polymorphism

SSR:

Simple sequence repeats

STS:

Sequence-tagged site

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  1. Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Yashwant, Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Komaljeet Gill, Pankaj Kumar, Bhuvnesh Kapoor & Rajnish Sharma

  2. Department of Fruit Science, Dr. Yashwant, Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Anshul Kumar

  3. Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. Yashwant, Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India

    Ajay Kumar Joshi

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PK conceived the idea and designed the article; KG helped in literature mining and wrote the draft manuscript; BK, AK, AKJ, RS & PK reviewed and edited the manuscript; all the authors have read and approved the manuscript.

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Gill, K., Kumar, P., Kumar, A. et al. Comprehensive mechanistic insights into the citrus genetics, breeding challenges, biotechnological implications, and omics-based interventions. Tree Genetics & Genomes 18, 9 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-022-01544-z

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