Abstract
Climate change may lead to severe losses in agriculture, including wood production. To understand the effects of climate change on physiology and molecular aspects of wood formation, we grew plants of Eucalyptus grandis and E. globulus for 35 days under three temperatures (10–12 °C, 20–22 °C, and 33–35 °C) combined with two CO2 concentrations (390 and 700 ppm). Biochemical analyses and RNAseq in stems were carried out together with leaf gas exchange measurements. We analyzed in-depth cell wall biosynthesis genes and their regulation by several transcription factors, as well as genes associated with carbon partitioning, cell wall remodeling, and hormonal regulation. E. globulus, a species adapted to low temperature, was more responsive to the treatments than E. grandis. Gene expression was greatly affected by changes in temperature than in CO2. The most relevant processes affected by the treatments were related to stress, secondary metabolism, hormonal response, and signaling. Ethylene and auxin biosynthetic genes were upregulated in both species, but more intensely in E. globulus. High CO2 stimulated lignin biosynthesis genes and increased S-containing oligomers in E. globulus. Genes related to cell wall carbohydrates and lignin were strongly induced by temperature and CO2, respectively. Photosynthesis activity and transpiration were highest under high temperature and high temperature + high CO2 in both species. Our results show that responses of woody plants may be different regarding the temperature at eCO2.
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22 July 2022
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References
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Acknowledgements
DF thanks Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES-Brazil) for a doctorate fellowship; PM thanks Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq-Brazil) for a research fellowship. We are thanked to Leo Brizuela, from Agilent, for permanent support.
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This work was granted by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo and Agilent Tecnologies, Inc, for joint support (Fapesp – grant 2011/51949–5).
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DF and PM designed and carried out the experiments, analyzed the data, and wrote the manuscript; BP, SG, APDJ, LCC, and EK contributed with data handling.
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The data supporting the findings of this study are available in the supplementary material. The whole transcriptome data was made available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information database (NCBI) with the accession number GSE165931.
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11295_2022_1537_MOESM6_ESM.xls
Supplementary file6 (XLS 66 kb) Differentially expressed genes in the cellulose and lignin biosynthetic pathways. (UGT), UDP-glucosyl transferase, (BGLU) β-glucosidase, phosphoglucomutase, and peroxidase.
11295_2022_1537_MOESM7_ESM.xls
Supplementary file7 (XLS 133 kb) Complete gene list of differentially expressed genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and related transcription factors.
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Feltrim, D., Gupta, B., Gundimeda, S. et al. Exposure of Eucalyptus to varied temperature and CO2 has a profound effect on the physiology and expression of genes related to cell wall formation and remodeling. Tree Genetics & Genomes 18, 3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-022-01537-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-022-01537-y