Abstract
Soil colloids may be a carrier for heavy metal ions co-transporting to groundwater. Therefore, co-transportation of Zn(II)–Ni(II), important mixture contaminants in industrial sites, and inorganic soil colloids (iSC) in the saturated porous sand column were studied under various hydrologic and hydrochemical conditions such as flow rate, solution pH, ion strength (IS), fulvic acid (FA), and different sand media. The transport of iSC and sequent transport of dissolved Zn(II) and Ni(II) solution revealed the retention of dissolved Zn(II) and Ni(II) by retained iSC. Medium flow rate (1.5 mL·min−1) and lower solution pH (4.0) facilitated the transport of dissolved Zn(II)–Ni(II) in co-transport with iSC while FA (10 mg L−1) attenuated their transport with and without iSC. The electrolyte of NaCl (1 mmol L−1) increased the transport of dissolved Zn(II) and Ni(II) while decreasing their co-transport with iSC. The co-transportation of Zn(II)–Ni(II) with iSC decreased the transport of Zn(II)–Ni(II) compared to their transportation without iSC (control group). Al oxide–coated sand obviously increased the transport of Zn(II) and Ni(II) while Fe oxide–coated sand decreased their transport. Furthermore, these data were well-fitted with two-site model and the obtained adsorption partition coefficient (Kd) indicated the variation in the retention of dissolved metals indirectly. Therefore, iSC attenuated the transport of dissolved Zn(II)–Ni(II) in co-transport of Zn(II)–Ni(II) and iSC, but the sequent washing with water facilitated the release of the remained colloid-adsorbed Zn(II)–Ni(II). This reveals that soil colloids extend the transport of colloidal-adsorbed Zn(II)–Ni(II) to the groundwater due to the sequent washing (e.g. rainwater or irrigation).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability Statement
All relevant data are included in this document or its supplementary material.
References
Amiri, V., Kamrani, M., & Baalousha, M. (2020). Transport of N-CD and pre-sorbed Pb in saturated porous media salahaddin kamrani. Molecules, 25, 5518. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235518
Baumann, T., Fruhstorfer, P., Klein, T., & Niessner, R. (2006). Colloid and heavy metal transport at landfill sites in direct contact with groundwater. Water Research, 40(14), 2776–2786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.04.049
Burlakovs, J., Klavins, M., Osinska, L., & Purmalis, O. (2013). The impact of humic substances as remediation agents to the speciation forms of metals in soil. Apcbee Procedia, 2013(5), 192–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcbee.2013.05.034
Cai, H., Bao, Y., Cheng, H., Ge, X., Zhang, M., Feng, X., Zheng, Y., He, J., Wei, Y., & Liu, C. (2023). Zinc homeostasis may reverse the synergistic neurotoxicity of heavy metal mixtures in Caenorhabditis elegans. Science of The Total Environment, 868, 161699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161699
Chotpantarat, S., & Kiatvarangkul, N. (2018). Facilitated transport of cadmium with montmorillonite KSF colloids under different pH conditions in water-saturated sand columns: Experiment and transport modeling. Water Research, 146, 216–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.010
Cui, X., Geng, Y., Sun, R., Xie, M., Feng, X., Li, X., & Cui, Z. (2021). Distribution, speciation and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in Jinan Iron & Steel Group soils from China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 295, 126504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126504
Denaix, L., Semlali, R., & Douay, F. (2001). Dissolved and colloidal transport of Cd, Pb, and Zn in a silt loam soil affected by atmospheric industrial deposition. Environmental Pollution, 114(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00204-9
Dong, S., Shi, X., Gao, B., Wu, J., Sun, Y., Guo, H., Xu, H., & Wu, J. (2016). Retention and release of graphene oxide in structured heterogeneous porous media under saturated and unsaturated conditions. Environmental Science & Technology, 50(19), 10397–10405. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b01948
Esfahani A., Batelaan O., Hutson J., Fallowfield H. (2020). Effect of bacteria and virus on transport and retention of graphene oxide nanoparticles in natural limestone sediments. Chemosphere, 248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125929
Fisher-Power, L., & Cheng, T. (2018). Nanoscale Titanium Dioxide (nTiO2) Transport in natural sediments: Importance of soil organic matter and Fe/Al oxyhydroxides. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(5), 2668–2676. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b05062
Gao, B., Cao, X., Yan, D., Luo, Y., & Ma, L. (2011). Colloid deposition and release in soils and their association with heavy metals. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 41(4), 336–372. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380902871464
Genchi, G., Carocci, A., Lauria, G., Sinicropi, M., & Catalano, A. (2020). Nickel: Human health and environmental toxicology. Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 679. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030679
Ghiasi, B., Niksokhan, M., & Mazdeh, A. (2020). Co-transport of chromium(VI) and bentonite colloidal particles in water-saturated porous media: Effect of colloid concentration, sand gradation, and flow velocity. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 234, 103682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2020.103682
Gu, X., Mo, H., Wang, L., Zhang, L., & Ding, Z. (2023). Co-transport of Cr(VI) and bentonite colloid in saturated porous media. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 110, 30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-022-03675-4
Hellsing, M., Josefsson, S., Hughes, A., & Ahrens, L. (2016). Sorption of perfluoroalkyl substances to two types of minerals. Chemosphere, 159, 385–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.016
Hu, B., Wang, J., Jin, B., Yan, Li., & Shi, Z. (2017). Assessment of the potential health risks of heavy metals in soils in a coastal industrial region of the Yangtze River Delta. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 19816–19826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9516-1
Hu, B., Shao, S., Ni, H., Fu, Z., Hu, L., Zhou, Y., Min, X., She, S., Chen, S., Huang, M., Zhou, L., Li, Y., & Shi, Z. (2020). Current status, spatial features, health risks, and potential driving factors of soil heavy metal pollution in China at province level. Environmental Pollution, 266, 114961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114961
Huber, N., Baumann, T., & Niessner, R. (2000). Assessment of colloid filtration in natural porous media by filtration theory. Environmental Science & Technology, 34(17), 3774–3779. https://doi.org/10.1021/es9903429
Iftikhar, M., Noureen, A., Jabeen, F., Uzair, M., Rehman, N., Sher, E., Katubi, K., Americo-Pinheiro, J., & Sheri, F. (2023). Bioinspired engineered nickel nanoparticles with multifunctional attributes for reproductive toxicity. Chemosphere, 311, 136927. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136927
Jin Y., Luan Y., Ning Y., Wang L. (2018). Effects and mechanisms of microbial remediation of heavy metals in soil: a critical review. Applied Sciences-Basel, 8(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/app8081336
Li, X., Lin, C., Miller, J., & Johnson, W. (2006). Role of grain-to-grain contacts on profiles of retained colloids in porous media in the presence of an energy barrier to deposition. Environmental Science & Technology, 40(12), 3769–3774. https://doi.org/10.1021/es052501w
Li, C., Zhou, K., Qin, W., Tian, C., Qi, M., & Yan, X. (2019). A review on heavy metals contamination in soil: Effects, sources, and remediation techniques. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 28(4), 380–394. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2019.1592108
Lu, T., Gilfedder, B., Peng, H., Peiffer, S., Papastavrou, G., Ottermann, K., & Frei, S. (2021). Relevance of iron oxyhydroxide and pore water chemistry on the mobility of nanoplastic particles in water-saturated porous media environments. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 232, 168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05125-z
Lyu X., Liu X., Wu X., Sun Y., Gao B., Wu J. (2020). Importance of Al/Fe oxyhydroxide coating and ionic strength in perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) transport in saturated porous media. Water Research, 175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.115685
Malamis, S., & Katsou, E. (2013). A review on zinc and nickel adsorption on natural and modified zeolite, bentonite and vermiculite: Examination of process parameters, kinetics and isotherms. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 252–253, 428–461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.03.024
Missana, T., Alonso, U., & Turrero, M. (2003). Generation and stability of bentonite colloids at the bentonite/granite interface of a deep geological radioactive waste repository. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 61, 17–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(02)00110-9
Mo, H., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., Gu, X., & Ding, Z. (2022). Mobility of exogenous lead in acidic soil treated with wheat straw biochar after aging process of freeze-thaw cycles. Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability, 34(1), 253–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/26395940.2022.2088622
Qin G., Niu Z., Yu J., Li Z., Ma J., Xiang P. (2021). Soil heavy metal pollution and food safety in China: Effects, sources and removing technology. Chemosphere, 267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129205
Verma, A., Yadav, S., & Kumar, R. (2023). Geochemical fractionation, bioavailability, ecological and human health risk assessment of metals in topsoils of an emerging industrial cluster near New Delhi. Environmental Geochemistry and Health. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01536-5
Wang, C., Hao, L., Sun, X., Yang, Y., Yin, Q., & Li, M. (2022). Response mechanism of psychrotolerant Bacillus cereus D2 towards Ni (II) toxicity and involvement of amino acids in Ni (II) toxicity reduction. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 430, 128363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128363
Wei, Z., Gu, H., Le, Q., Peng, W., Lam, S., Yang, Y., Li, C., & Sonne, C. (2021). Perspectives on phytoremediation of zinc pollution in air, water and soil. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy, 24, 100550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2021.100550
Wikiniyadhanee, R., Chotpantarat, S., & Ong, S. (2015). Effects of kaolinite colloids on Cd2+ transport through saturated sand under varying ionic strength conditions: Column experiments and modeling approaches. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 182, 146–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2015.08.008
Won, J., Wirth, X., & Burns, S. (2019). An experimental study of cotransport of heavy metals with kaolinite colloids. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 373, 476–482. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.110
Wu, M., Bi, E., & Li, B. (2022). Cotransport of nano-hydroxyapatite and different Cd(II) forms influenced by fulvic acid and montmorillonite colloids. Water Research, 218, 118511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2022.118511
Wu, X., Gao, B., Lyu, X., Zeng, X., Wu, J., & Sun, Y. (2022). Insight into the mechanism of phosphate and cadmium co-transport in natural soils. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 435, 129095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129095
Xie, B., Jiang, Y., Zhang, Z., Cao, G., Sun, H., Wang, N., & Wang, S. (2018). Co-transport of Pb (II) and Cd (II) in saturated porous media: Effects of colloids, flow rate and grain size. Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability, 30(1), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/09542299.2018.1531727
Xing, Y., Chen, X., Zhuang, J., & Chen, X. (2015). What happens when pharmaceuticals meet colloids. Ecotoxicology, 24(10), 2100–2114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-015-1557-y
Ye, X., Cui, R., Du, X., Ma, S., Zhao, J., Lu, Y., & Wan, Y. (2019). Mechanism of suspended kaolinite particle clogging in porous media during managed aquifer recharge. Groundwater, 57(5), 764–771. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12872
Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Huang, X., Cui, M., Wu, X., & Liu, H. (2022). Adsorption and desorption characteristics of metal(oid)s in the yellow soils of a typical karst area, southwest China. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 31(7), 834–854. https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2021.2016605
Zhang H., Lu T., Zhang R., Wang M., Krishnan., Liu S., Zhou Y., Li D., Qi Z. (2020). Effects of clay colloids on ciprofloxacin transport in saturated quartz sand porous media under different solution chemistry conditions. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110754
Zhao, W., Zhao, P., Tian, Y., Shen, C., Li, Z., Peng, P., & Jin, C. (2020). Investigation for synergies of ionic strength and flow velocity on colloidal-sized microplastic transport and deposition in porous media using the colloidal-AFM probe. Langmuir, 36(22), 6292–6303. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00116
Zhao Y., Jiang Y., Kang R., Chen M., Zhang Z., Sun H. (2021). Effect of medium properties on the transport of cadmium in saturated porous medium. Environmental Pollutants and Bioavailability, 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/26395940.2021.1982651
Zhou, L., Wu, Q., & Gao, G. (2012). Remediation of lead-zinc contaminated soil in China. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 209–211, 1116–1119. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.209-211.1116
Zhou, D., Jiang, X., Lu, Y., Fan, W., Huo, M., & Crittendena, J. (2016). Cotransport of graphene oxide and Cu(II) through saturated porous media. Science of the Total Environment, 550, 717–726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.141
Zhu, X., Chen, H., Li, W., He, Y., Brookes, P., White, R., & Xu, J. (2017). Evaluation of the stability of soil nanoparticles: The effect of natural organic matter in electrolyte solutions. European Journal of Soil Science, 68(1), 105–114. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12402
Acknowledgements
Z. Ding thanks for the support of the “Jiangsu 333 High-Level Talent Training Project (2022–2026).”
Funding
This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2018YFC1800600) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21677075).
Data Availability Statement
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Hui Pan: investigation, data curation, writing—original draft. Zhiqiao Shi: investigation and data curation. Zhuhong Ding: project administration, methodology, formal analysis, writing—review and editing, supervision. Ranran Zhou, Hengcheng Wei, and Lei Wang: writing—review and editing.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Pan, H., Shi, Z., Ding, Z. et al. Co-Transportation of Zn (II)–Ni (II) and Inorganic Soil Colloids in Saturated Porous Media: Effects of Flow Rate, Solution Chemistry, Colloid Concentration and Porous Media. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 483 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06483-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06483-6