Abstract
In flower production, the use of agrochemicals is common, contributing to the addition of heavy metals to the soil, and organic matter (OM) plays an important role in their solubility and dynamics. Thus, the objective was to quantify the contents of Fe, Zn, and Cu in the chemical and physical fractions of OM of soils with different textures. Two soils were selected, sandy texture (A1) and clay texture (A2), with their respective native forests (NV1 and NV2) as reference. Chemical fractionation was performed using KOH solution and, the physical fractions were separated by the particle size method. Subsequently, the determination of metals in these fractions was performed. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Tukey test (p < 0.05), principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA). In A2, metal contents were higher when compared to NV2, while in A1 the metal contents showed no statistical difference from those found in NV1. PCA and CA indicated that A2 had the highest contents of heavy metals in the chemical and physical fractions of OM compared to A1 and the NV areas. The humin fraction (H + M) and the mineral-associated fraction (MAOM) showed a higher tendency towards adsorption of heavy metals because they were more stable in the soil and with a greater presence of acidic functional groups. The contents of the metals had more adsorption affinity in the cultivated soils, mainly of clay texture and in the different fractions of OM, so monitoring is necessary to avoid accumulation due to the application of pesticides.
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Data Availability
Raw data were generated in the Soil Chemistry Laboratory of the Soil Science Department of the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil. Derived data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author [M.E. Ortiz Escobar] upon request.
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Funding
We are grateful to the CAPES (Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education) through the Pró-Integração project 55/2013 and Graduate Support Program (PROAP) Finance Code 001 granted to the Soil Science Graduate Program of the Federal University of Ceará—Brazil, that allowed the conduction of this research, and to Soil Quality and Environmental Chemistry Research Group—QSQA.
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Maria Eugenia Ortiz Escobar, Francisco Luan Almeida Barbosa, and Rivelino Martins Cavalcante contributed to the design and implementation of the research. F.L. Almeida Barbosa and M. Guimarães da Silva carried out the sampling and analytical procedures. All authors contributed to the interpretation of the results, provided critical feedback, and helped shape the research. F.L. Almeida Barbosa and M. Guimarães da Silva took the lead in writing the manuscript. M.E. Ortiz Escobar supervised the findings of this work and supervised the project. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Barbosa, F.L.A., da Silva, M.G., Cavalcante, R.M. et al. Fe, Zn, and Cu in the Organic Fraction of Soils with Different Textures Under Intense Use of Agrochemicals in Flower Cultivation. Water Air Soil Pollut 234, 66 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06063-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-023-06063-8