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Vinegar reduced renal calcium oxalate stones by regulating acetate metabolism in gut microbiota and crystal adhesion in rats

  • Urology - Original Paper
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Abstract

Purpose

Urolithiasis is a common urologic disease. Higher consumption of vinegar was associated with a lower risk of urolithiasis. Recent studies reported that disorder of gut microbiota and injury of the tight junction of renal tubular epithelial cells were associated with the formation of renal calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones. We aimed to explore the mechanism of vinegar reduced renal CaOx stone formation by regulating gut microbiota and the tight junction of renal tubular epithelial cells.

Methods

Thirty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly allocated to control group, model group and vinegar group. Rats in control group got 2 ml/kg of sterile water by gavage. Model group rats were additionally supplied with drinking water with 1% (v/v) ethylene glycol (EG) every day. Rats in vinegar group had 1% (v/v) EG in drinking water and were gavaged with 2 ml/kg of vinegar (5% acetate) every day.

Results

Vinegar reduced renal CaOx crystals and urinary oxalate. Vinegar increased the relative abundances of Ruminococcus gauvreauii, Ruminococcus torques, Ruminococcus-2, Moryella, Enterococcus, Alistipes, and Parabacteroides in the gut microbiota. Blood acetate increased in vinegar group. The renal tight junction occludin protein decreased in the model group and increased in the vinegar group. Studies in vitro verified that acetate could reverse the decline in occludin expression induced by CaOx crystals and inhibit CaOx crystal adhesion to cells.

Conclusion

Vinegar reduced renal CaOx stones by regulating gut microbiota and increasing blood acetate to restore renal tight junction and reduce CaOx crystal adhesion.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [81770703, 81970602], the Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province [2018SZ0118, 2019YFS0281], and the 1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University [ZYJC18015].

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Author notes

  1. Yu Liu, Xi Jin, and Yucheng Ma are co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

    Yu Liu, Xi Jin, Yucheng Ma, Hong Li & Kunjie Wang

  2. Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China

    Qun Sun

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  1. Yu Liu
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  5. Hong Li
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Yu Liu, Kunjie Wang; methodology: Yu Liu, Xi Jin, Yucheng Ma, Qun Sun; formal analysis and investigation: Yu Liu, Xi Jin, Yucheng Ma; writing—original draft: Yu Liu; writing—review and editing: Xi Jin, Qun Sun, Kunjie Wang; funding acquisition: Kunjie Wang, Hong Li; resources: Kunjie Wang, Hong Li; supervision: Kunjie Wang, Hong Li.

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Correspondence to Kunjie Wang.

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Liu, Y., Jin, X., Ma, Y. et al. Vinegar reduced renal calcium oxalate stones by regulating acetate metabolism in gut microbiota and crystal adhesion in rats. Int Urol Nephrol 54, 2485–2495 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11255-022-03259-5

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