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Carabidae assemblages in pine forests with different recreation regimes within and outside a megalopolis

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Abstract

The expansion of cities highlights the need for studies of the biodiversity on urban territories and factors affecting the structure and functioning of communities. In 2010–2011, we compared the abundance and diversity of carabid beetles in pine forests of natural origin within the Russian megalopolis Yekaterinburg and outside. To estimate the effects of recreation (R+: trampling, soil compaction, eutrophication) and other urbanization factors (U+: pollution, habitat fragmentation, adventive species), we selected 12 urban and non-urban forest sites with contrasting recreation regimes (U + R+, U + R−, U − R+, U − R−; three sites in each combination). We hypothesized that both urbanization and recreation decrease the abundance and diversity of carabids; the combination of two factors enhances negative effects. The total activity density of carabids and the abundances of all ecological groups increased in urban forests compared to non-urban ones. In urban forests, the Simpson dominance decreased, while Shannon diversity, total species richness, and mean number of species per site increased. The most abundant species in all forests were Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, P. mannerheimii, and P. magus, while Carabus nemoralis was abundant in urban forests only. Proportion (by the number of individuals) of forest species was lower and that of generalists and large-sized species higher in urban forests. High recreation load resulted in lower total abundance and diversity of ground beetles. Negative effect of recreation load on carabids leveled positive effect of urbanization: both abundance and diversity of ground beetles were lower at urban sites with intense recreational use compared to forest sites closed for townspeople.

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Acknowledgments

We thank E.L. Vorobeichik for the concept of this study, N.V. Zolotareva for the description of study sites, and anonymous referees for valuable comments on the manuscript. The study was supported by the State Contract of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (sampling and species identification) and by the Integrated Research Program of the Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, project no. 18-4-4-24 (basic analyses and preparation of the manuscript). Language editing was provided by an anonymous proofreader from Proof-Reading-Service.com.

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  1. Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Eighth March Street 202, Yekaterinburg, 620144, Russia

    Elena Belskaya, Maxim Zolotarev & Evgeniy Zinovyev

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  1. Elena Belskaya
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Correspondence to Elena Belskaya.

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Belskaya, E., Zolotarev, M. & Zinovyev, E. Carabidae assemblages in pine forests with different recreation regimes within and outside a megalopolis. Urban Ecosyst 23, 27–38 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-019-00904-3

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