Abstract
Euterpe edulis Martius, popularly known as juçara, is a palm tree native to the Atlantic Forest. The fruits are rich in reserve compounds. This feature makes juçara seeds useful for assessing the mobilization and degradation of reserves, as well as the physiological, biochemical, and hormonal fluctuations that occur during germination and seedling development. The objective of this study was to characterize the degradation of reserves following in vitro germination, and to associate this degradation with the physiological quality of E. edulis seeds and seedling formation. Samples were germinated for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 120, and 180 days. All morphological variables except seed dry mass increased during this period. Proteins were the first reserve compounds to be metabolized and were closely linked to germination. The hormones zeatin, indole-3-acetic acid, and abscisic acid were associated with the onset of germination. The ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, the polyamines spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, and the amino acid proline were required for germination and seedling formation. In summary, the metabolites resulting from the degradation of E. edulis seed reserves are destined for germination and seedling growth until senescence of the haustorium signals the end of this period.
Key message
Primary and secondary compounds related to germination and seedling formation in juçara seeds were quantified for the first time and demonstrated high conversion of reserves into seedling tissues.
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Data availability
The datasets generated and/or analyzed in the present study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) for the Master’s scholarship granted to JSC. The Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo (FAPES PUBLIC NOTICE No. 08/2021—EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE) and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (financial code 308365/2019-4) are acknowledged for funding this study. The authors thank the Genetics and Plant Improvement, Plant Biometry, Wood Chemistry, and Seed Technology and Production Laboratories at the Federal University of Espírito Santo under the coordination of Prof. Marcia Flores da Silva Ferreira, Prof. Adésio Ferreira, Prof. Humberto Fantuzzi Neto, and Prof. Jose Carlos Lopes. Finally, we thank the Biomolecular Analysis Nucleus (NuBioMol) of the Federal University of Viçosa and Editage (www.editage.com) for English language editing.
Funding
This study was funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Espírito Santo (FAPES PUBLIC NOTICE No. 08/2021—EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE) and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (financial code 308365/2019-4).
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JSC, TM and RSA planned and outlined the study. RSA managed the project and raised the funds. JSC, TM, RSA, and DPF collected plant material and conducted the experiments. JSC, IMS, and CPA performed the biochemical measurements. JSC and DPF performed physiological analyses. AF carried out formal data analysis. JSC wrote the original manuscript. RSA, JCL, CEV and WCO supervised and revised the manuscript. All authors contributed to the writing of the final manuscript.
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The authors declare no conflict of interest. WCO is an associate editor of the journal. As such, he was not involved in any form with evaluation of this work, had no access to its handling during peer refereeing, and had no bearing on the editorial consideration of the manuscript.
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Costa, J.S., de Mello, T., Fagundes, D.P. et al. Dynamics of biochemical and hormonal reserves degradation in immature seeds of Euterpe edulis Martius (Arecaceae) during in vitro germination. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 156, 10 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02623-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-023-02623-2