Abstract
The roots of Actinidia arguta (a berry fruit tree) are used in traditional medicine. However, the inconsistent quality of A. arguta roots affects the extract or the drug produced. The adventitious root (AR) culture technology may be used to ameliorate such problem. Therefore, this study induced A. arguta ARs from the roots of in vitro cultured plantlets, and the optimal culture medium was selected using the L9(34) orthogonal design with four factors (i.e., medium strength, nitrogen, phosphate, and sucrose concentrations) to produce flavonoids and triterpenoids. Results showed that among the groups in the orthogonal design table, the 0.75 × Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 15 mM nitrogen and 0.625 mM phosphate supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose was the most favorable for the AR biomass and the contents of total triterpenoids and their monomers (i.e., oleanolic and urisolic acids). The maximum total flavonoid content was observed at 0.5 × MS medium containing 45 mM nitrogen and 0.157 mM phosphate supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose. Furthermore, the difference analysis of orthogonal design experiment showed that the dominant factors for flavonoid and triterpenoid productivities were sucrose concentration and nitrogen concentration, respectively. The analysis of variance revealed that the four factors significantly affected flavonoid productivity (p < 0.01), and the optimal medium was 0.25 × MS medium containing 15 mM nitrogen and 0.313 mM phosphate supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose. However, three factors, namely, medium strength, nitrogen concentration, and sucrose concentration, significantly affected triterpenoid productivity (p < 0.01), whereas the phosphate concentration did not show a significant difference. Therefore, the optimal medium for triterpenoid production was 0.75 × MS medium containing 15 mM nitrogen and 0.157 mM phosphate adding 30 g/L sucrose. This study suggested that A. arguta AR culture should use different culture media to maximize the yields of flavonoids and triterpenoids.
Key message
Culture medium of adventitious roots was optimized via orthogonal design experiment. Sucrose concentration is dominant factor affecting flavonoid productivity. Nitrogen concentration is dominant factor affecting triterpenoid productivity.
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This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81960685).
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HDS conducted orthogonal design experiment, YG carried out AR induction experiment, XLA maintained plant material, XLJ detected bioactive compounds, XCP conducted statistical analysis, MYJ designed the experiments, and MLL wrote the paper.
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Communicated by Pamela J. Weathers.
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Sun, H.D., Gao, Y., An, X.L. et al. Optimization of the culture medium of adventitious root culture to produce the flavonoids and the triterpenoids of Actinidia arguta by using an orthogonal design process. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 144, 545–554 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01977-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01977-1