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The use of tissue culture and in-vitro approaches for the study of tree diseases

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Abstract

This article aims to review and discuss how to most effectively use tissue culture approaches as an aid to the study of tree diseases and pest syndromes. Firstly, the existing scientific literature is reviewed for how plant tissue culture techniques have been used to study various tree diseases in the past, with some reference to similar work that has been undertaken with other plants where relevant. In particular, the difficulties and limitations of trying to screen for resistant plants by exposing tree tissue cultures directly to disease causing organisms or extracts of them (mainly fungi, but also bacteria and even insects) is discussed at length. Examples are then provided for how even basic tissue culture procedures can greatly aid the study of tree disease processes, mainly by helping to organise and produce the plant material needed for such work according to need and at any time of year. This is especially important when working with trees, because they are much more difficult to study than short-lived crop plants, and the integration of tissue culture approaches into this work is an essential tool in this endeavour.

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Fig. 1

There are many ways in which ex-vitro plants can aid the study of the pests and diseases of trees, including a 3 month old ex-vitro elm plants generated for maintaining insect cultures all year round; b, c 2 month old ex-vitro elm plants generated for insect feeding and volatile collection experiments; d sample leaves from standardised ex-vitro elm plants being used for gene expression analysis after insect damage; while e shows larch trees (middle distance) in SW Scotland killed by Phytophthora ramorum, with surviving trees indicated by arrows; and f show an example of an ash tree that has survived an outbreak of ash die-back disease (centre), with many dead ash trees surrounding it

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Abbreviations

DED:

Dutch elm disease

EMS:

Ethyl methane sulphonate

PR:

Phytophthora ramorum

SE:

Somatic embryogenesis

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge the support of Gustavo Lopez of FR and the Defra grant TH0133 for the Living Ash Project. We also thank Sarah Green of FR; Jo Clark of the Future Trees Trust; and the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, in Germany, for their comments about this manuscript and for the provision of photographs.

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  1. Forest Research, Northern Research Station, Roslin, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9SY, UK

    Trevor M. Fenning

  2. School of Environment, Science and Engineering at Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia

    Trevor M. Fenning

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TMF prepared all of the drafts for this manuscript.

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Communicated by Maurizio Lambardi.

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Fenning, T.M. The use of tissue culture and in-vitro approaches for the study of tree diseases. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 136, 415–430 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-018-01531-0

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