Skip to main content
Log in

Operationalising “Double-Loop” Learning in Service Organisations: A Systems Approach for Creating Knowledge

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Systemic Practice and Action Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Learning organisation literature has widely discussed the connections between “double-loop” learning and its significance to organisational performance, but paying little attention to tools and systems that can operationalise “double-loop” learning in organisations. This paper investigates the impact of applying a systems approach for service operations design, expressed as the Vanguard Method (Seddon, Freedom from command and control: a better way to make the work work, 2003), in order to activate “double-loop” learning in service organisations. Two case studies were conducted in the banking mortgage operations and adults’ social care services in the UK, using the dimensions of the learning organisation questionnaire (DLOQ), semi-structured interviews, observations, and documents. The findings of the cross-case analysis support the link of applying the Vanguard Method with operationalising “double-loop” learning through three main factors, namely systematic-operations improvement, organisational capacity development, and outside-in mode of work; that are all embedded into the seven dimensions of the DLOQ. The value of this paper is the introduction of a service operations design tool that can activate “double-loop” learning performance in the fast changing knowledge era. It also provides an impetus for service organisations to creatively influence employees’ competencies to effectively improve internal systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ackoff RL (1981) Creating the corporate future. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyris C (1977) Double loop learning in organizations. Harv Bus Rev 55(5):115–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyris C, Schön D (1978) Organizational learning: a theory of action perspective. Addison-Wesley, Reading

    Google Scholar 

  • Argyris C, Schön D (1996) Organizational learning II. Addison-Wesley, Reading

    Google Scholar 

  • Attride-Stirling J (2001) Thematic networks: an analytic tool for qualitative research. Qual Res 1(3):385–405

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagodi V, Mahanty B (2013) Double loop learning in the Indian two-wheeler service sector. Learn Organ 20(4/5):264–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhat AB, Verma N, Rangnekar S, Barua MK (2012) Leadership style and team processes as predictors of organisational learning. Team Perform Manag 18(7/8):347–369

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blackman D, Connelly J, Henderson S (2004) Does double loop learning create reliable knowledge? Learn Organ 11(1):11–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryman A, Bell E (2007) Business research methods, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Capra F (1996) The web of life: a new scientific understanding of living systems. Double-day, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Checkland P (1981) Systems thinking, Systems Practice. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper RD, Emroy CW (1995) Business research methods, 5th edn. Richard D. Irwin, Homewood

    Google Scholar 

  • Creswell JW (2004) Educational research: planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research, 2nd edn. Pearson Education, Columbus

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronbach LJ (1951) Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16(3):297–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahanayake ND, Gamlath S (2013) Learning organization dimensions of the Sri Lanka army. Learn Organ 20(3):195–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies HTO, Nutley SM (2000) Developing learning organisations in the new NHS. Br Med J 320(7240):998–1001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deming WE (1982) Out of crisis. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Easterby-Smith M, Thorpe R, Lowe A (2002) Management research: an introduction, 2nd edn. Sage Publications, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Garvin DA (1993) Building a learning organization. Harv Bus Rev 71(4):78–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Garvin DA, Edmondson AC, Gino F (2008) Is yours a learning organization? Harv Bus Rev 86(3):109–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory AJ (2007) Target setting, lean systems and viable systems: a systems perspective on control and performance measurement. J Oper Res Soc 58(11):1503–1517

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hannah ST, Lester PB (2009) A multilevel approach to building and leading learning organizations. Leadersh Q 20(1):34–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu Q, Found P, Williams S, Mason R (2012) The connections between organizational learning and lean production. In: Paper presented at the 23nd international conference of production and operations management, 20 April-23 April, Chicago, USA. http://www.pomsmeetings.org/ConfProceedings/025/FullPapers/FullPaper_files/025-0234.pdf. Accessed 26 Aug 2015

  • Ilgen DR, Hollenbeck JR, Johnson M, Jundt D (2005) Teams in organizations: from input-process-output models to IMOI models. Annu Rev Psychol 56(1):517–543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaaron A, Backhouse C (2012) The effects of lean thinking on service workers value productivity: a conceptual framework. Int J Qual Innov 2(1):1–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaaron A, Backhouse C (2014) Service organisations resilience through the application of the vanguard method of systems thinking: a case study approach. Int J Prod Res 52(7):2026–2041. doi:10.1080/00207543.2013.847291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson MC, Johnston N, Seddon J (2008) Evaluating systems thinking in housing. J Oper Res Soc 59(2):186–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khan S, VanWynsberghe R (2008) Cultivating the under-mined: cross-case analysis as knowledge mobilization. proceedings of the forum qualitative sozialforschung/forum: qualitative social research 9(34). http://www.qualitativeresearch.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/334/729. Accessed 20 Jan 2016

  • Lawler A, Sillitoe J (2013) Facilitating ‘organisational learning’ in a ‘learning institution. J High Educ Policy Manag 35(5):495–500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leech N (2009) A typology of mixed methods research designs. Qual Quant 43(2):265–275

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LePine JA (2003) Team adaptation and postchange performance: effects of team composition in terms of members’ cognitive ability and personality. J Appl Psychol 88(1):27–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lundberg CC (1995) Learning in and by organizations three conceptual issues. Int J Organ Anal 3(1):10–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maden C (2012) Transforming public organizations into learning organizations: a conceptual model. Public Organ Rev 12(1):71–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meredith J (1998) Building operations management theory through case and field research. J Oper Manag 16(4):441–454

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Min-Huei Chien S (2004) A study to improve organizational performance: a view from SHRM. J Am Acad Bus 4(1/2):289–291

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohd-Zainal A, Goodyer J, Grigg N (2011) Learning organisation in Malaysian manufacturing companies. In: Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE international conference on quality and reliability (ICQR). http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6031717. Accessed 16 Dec 2015

  • Nevis EC, DiBella AJ, Gould JM (1995) Understanding organizations as learning systems. Sloan Manag Rev 36(2):73–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohno T (1988) Toyota production system: beyond large-scale production. Productivity Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Ortenblad A (2004) The learning organization: towards an integrated model. Learn Organ 11(2):129–144

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ortenblad A, Koris R (2014) Is the learning organization idea relevant to higher educational institutions? A literature review and a “multi-stakeholder contingency approach”. Int J Educ Manag 28(2):173–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pedler M, Burgoyne J, Boydell P (1999) The learning company: a strategy for sustainable development. McGraw-Hill, Maidenhead

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Pun KF, Nathai-Balkissoon M (2011) Integrating knowledge management into organisational learning. Learn Organ 18(3):203–223

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Putz D, Schilling J, Kluge A, Stangenberg C (2012) Measuring organisational learning from errors: development and validation of an integrated model and questionnaire. Manag Learn 44(5):511–536

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowley J (2006) What do we need to know about wisdom? Manag Decis 44(9):1246–1257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seddon J (2003) Freedom from command and control: a better way to make the work work. Vanguard Education, Buckingham

    Google Scholar 

  • Seddon J (2008) Systems thinking in the public sector. Triarchy Press, Axminster

    Google Scholar 

  • Senge PM (1990) The fifth discipline: the art and practice of learning organization. Century Business, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Shipton H, Zhou Q, Mooi E (2013) Is there a global model of learning organizations? An empirical, cross-nation study. Int J Hum Resour Manag 24(12):2278–2298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soltani E, Liao Y, Wang W (2011) A learning organisation approach to managing service quality. In: Proceedings of international joint conference on service sciences, Taipei, Taiwan. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5960272. Accessed 12 Dec 2015

  • Synnott M (2013) Reflection and double loop learning the case of HS2. Teach Public Adm 31(1):124–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tashakkori A, Teddlie C (1998) Mixed methodology: combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. Sage Publications, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor SJ, Bogdan R (1984) Introduction to qualitative research methods: the search for meaning. John Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsai Y, Wu SW, Chung HJ (2010) How learning organisation influences staff members’ service quality. In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on service systems and service management (ICSSSM), Tokyo, Japan. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5530134. Accessed 20 No 2015

  • Ursic D, Nikl A, Mulej M, Cester AS (2006) System-organisational aspect of a learning organisation in companies. Syst Pract Action Res 19(1):81–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vogt WP (1999) Dictionary of statistics and methodology: a nontechnical guide for the social sciences. Sage Publications, Thousand Oak

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang CL, Ahmed PK (2003) Organisational learning: a critical review. Learn Organ 10(1):8–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watkins KE, Marsick VJ (1993) Sculpting the learning organization: lessons in the art and science of systemic change. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Watkins KE, Marsick VJ (1997) Dimensions of the learning organization questionnaire. Partners for the Learning Organization, Warwick

    Google Scholar 

  • Wen H (2014) The nature, characteristics and ten strategies of learning organization. Int J Educ Manag 28(3):289–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang B, Watkins KE, Marsick VJ (2004) The construct of the learning organization: dimensions, measurement, and validation. Hum Resour Dev Q 15(1):31–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yin R (2009) Case study research: design and methods. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ayham A. M. Jaaron.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jaaron, A.A.M., Backhouse, C.J. Operationalising “Double-Loop” Learning in Service Organisations: A Systems Approach for Creating Knowledge. Syst Pract Action Res 30, 317–337 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-016-9397-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-016-9397-0

Keywords

Navigation