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A bio-waste-mediated novel fabrication of ZnCr2O4 nanoparticles: a heterogeneous catalyst in Biginelli reaction

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Abstract

Nowadays, emerging nanocatalysts have gained much attention in the field of organic transformations for the development of greener chemistry protocols. Also, the Biginelli reaction has gained prominence amidst multicomponent reactions due to the extensive therapeutic significance of the product dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs). In this work, first-time zinc chromite nanoparticles (ZnCr2O4 NPs) were prepared using cow urine (CoU) as a natural source through a biogenic approach. The physicochemical traits of the synthesized ZnCr2O4 NPs were investigated via XRD, UV-DRS, IR, FESEM, EDX, HRTEM, and XPS techniques. Furthermore, ZnCr2O4 NPs were implemented as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst for sustainable, uncomplicated, and one-pot synthesis of DHPM analogs. The synthetic strategy offers diverse appealing attributes, such as simplicity, bland reaction systems, facile work-up, reusability of catalyst, and excellent yield. Being heterogeneous, the nanocatalyst was simply retrieved after the reaction and reused (up to 5 cycles) in the Biginelli reaction without any noticeable diminishment in catalytic performance. As a result, the current study reveals that creating ZnCr2O4 NPs through a simple green approach and evaluating excellent catalytic activity may aid nanochemistry research by opening up new pathways for advanced organic transformations.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are warmly thanked to the Material Analysis & Research Centre, Bengaluru, and the Department of Chemistry (CIF), SPPU, Pune, India, for FESEM, HRTEM, EDX, XPS, 1H, and 13C NMR analyses. Also, author SG is grateful to Sandip Ghotekar for collecting fresh cow urine for the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India

    Suresh Ghotekar

  2. Department of Chemistry, KPG Arts, Commerce, and Science College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Igatpuri, Maharashtra, 422402, India

    Dnyaneshwar Sanap

  3. Department of Chemistry, Government College Daman (Affiliated to Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat), Daman, 396210, UT of DNH & DD, India

    Kajalben Patel & Yogita Abhale

  4. Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India

    Ankush Chauhan

  5. Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Li Li

  6. Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India

    Deepak Kumar

  7. Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan

    Kun-Yi Andrew Lin

  8. Department of Environmental Engineering and Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Road, Taichung, Taiwan

    Kun-Yi Andrew Lin

  9. Department of Chemistry, S.N. Arts, D.J.M. Commerce and B.N.S. Science College (Autonomous), Savitribai Phule Pune University, Sangamner, Maharashtra, 422605, India

    Rajeshwari Oza

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  1. Suresh Ghotekar
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  2. Dnyaneshwar Sanap
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  9. Rajeshwari Oza
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Contributions

Conceptualization was done by SG and DS, investigation was done by SG and YA, formal analysis was done by AC, KP, and SG, validation was done by YA and RO, visualization was done by LL and DK, writing of original draft was done by SG, AC, and DS, supervision was done by RO, and reviewing and editing was done by K-YAL and RO.

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Correspondence to Suresh Ghotekar, Dnyaneshwar Sanap or Rajeshwari Oza.

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Ghotekar, S., Sanap, D., Patel, K. et al. A bio-waste-mediated novel fabrication of ZnCr2O4 nanoparticles: a heterogeneous catalyst in Biginelli reaction. Res Chem Intermed 50, 2199–2219 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-024-05265-x

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