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Green synthesis and characterization of Ud-SnO2-ZnO using Urtica dioica leaf extract: A nanocomposite photocatalyst for degradation of Rhodamine B dye

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Abstract

Ud-SnO2-ZnO heterojunction nanocomposite (USZNC) with SnO2/ZnO molar ratio of 2/1 was successfully synthesized for the first time through one-pot green synthesis method using Urtica dioica (U. dioica) leaf extract as a natural source of both reducing and stabilizing agents. The structural properties of prepared nanocomposite were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used for surface morphology and elemental analyses. The results revealed that the band gap energy (Eg) of the prepared USZNC nanocomposite obtained using Tauc plot was 3.44 eV, which was higher than that of pure nanostructured SnO2 (3.14 eV) and ZnO (3.32 eV). The photocatalytic activity of the USZNC nanocomposite has been investigated for the degradation of Rhodamine B (Rh B) dye as a model organic pollutant in aqueous solution under UV irradiation. According to the results, the Rh B degradation efficiency using the synthesized USZNC as photocatalyst was obtained to be 91.9% within 55 min, which can be compared with 91.7% at 190 min and 85% at 140 min over SnO2 and ZnO, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the prepared USZNC exhibits higher photocatalytic activity than its constituents, SnO2 and ZnO. The mechanism of photocatalytic reaction over the USZNC was evaluated, indicating first-order kinetics for the degradation of Rh B.

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the partial financial support of this study by University of Kashan, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, University of Kashan, 8731753153, Kashan, Iran

    J. Ebrahimian & M. Mohsennia

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Kashan, 8731753153, Kashan, Iran

    M. Mohsennia

  3. School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    M. Khayatkashani

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  1. J. Ebrahimian
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Correspondence to M. Mohsennia.

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Ebrahimian, J., Mohsennia, M. & Khayatkashani, M. Green synthesis and characterization of Ud-SnO2-ZnO using Urtica dioica leaf extract: A nanocomposite photocatalyst for degradation of Rhodamine B dye. Res Chem Intermed 47, 4789–4802 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-021-04546-z

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