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New indications of potential rat intestinal α-glucosidase inhibition by Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) and its hypoglycemic effect in mice

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Abstract

Natural α-glucosidase inhibitors (aGIs) have been considered effective agents for type 2 diabetes management. In this study, Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) (SZL), a medicinal plant that grows wild in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, was reported for the first time to have potential anti-diabetic properties. The methanol extract of SZL possessed potent rat intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with low IC50 and great maximum inhibition values of 109 µg/mL and 100%, respectively. This was higher activity than acarbose, an anti-diabetic drug with IC50 and maximum inhibition values of 540 µg/ml and 80%, respectively. In specific inhibition tests, the herbal extract demonstrated strong inhibition against α-glucosidases from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus stearothermophilus with small IC50 values of 0.18 and 0.31 µg/mL, respectively. SZL extract also demonstrated potent inhibition against porcine pancreatic α-amylase with maximum inhibition and IC50 values of 99.2% and 3.7 µg/mL, respectively. SZL displayed high thermal and pH stability, with respective activities of 87% and 100–140% when treated at 100 °C or over a wide pH range of 2–13. The herbal extract was further investigated for its efficacy using ICR mice as the animal model. At a dose of 100 mg/kg BW, SZL significantly reduced blood glucose in mice and no signs of diarrhea were observed. The results from this study suggest that SZL, a potent and natural source of aGIs, may be a good candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by Ministry of Education, Taiwan (TKU 0657010), the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST104-2320-B-077-006-MY3; MOST 106-2320-B-032-001-MY3), and Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam (MOST. NVQG-2018/19).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam

    Van Bon Nguyen

  2. Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan

    San-Lang Wang

  3. Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan

    San-Lang Wang

  4. Institute of Biotechnology and Environment, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, 630000, Vietnam

    Thi Hanh Nguyen, Quang Vinh Nguyen & Anh Dzung Nguyen

  5. Department of Science and Technology, Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, 630000, Vietnam

    Chien Thang Doan & Thi Ngoc Tran

  6. Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan

    Yao-Haur Kuo

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  1. Van Bon Nguyen
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Contributions

V.B.N., S.-L.W., Q.V.N., and A.D.N. conceived the study; V.B.N. designed the study; V.B.N., Q.V.N., and T.H.N. performed the study; S.-L.W., A.D.N., V.B.N., Q.V.N., and Y.-H.K. contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools; V.B.N., S.-L.W., T.H.N., C.T.D., and T.N.T. analyzed the data; V.B.N. and S.-L.W. wrote the paper.

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Correspondence to San-Lang Wang, Quang Vinh Nguyen or Anh Dzung Nguyen.

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Nguyen, V.B., Wang, SL., Nguyen, T.H. et al. New indications of potential rat intestinal α-glucosidase inhibition by Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) and its hypoglycemic effect in mice. Res Chem Intermed 45, 6061–6071 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-019-04019-4

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