Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Somatostatin receptor expression in non-classical locations – clinical relevance?

  • Published:
Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In-111 pentetreotide (Octreoscan) is a radiolabeled somatostatin analog with high binding affinity to somatostatin receptors (SSTR) used in somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS). Pentetreotide labelled with In-111 is widely used due to its high affinity to SSTR 2 and 5. SSTR are expressed on neuroendocrine cells as well as several non-neural and non-endocrine cells with varying levels of density. We retrospectively reviewed articles and publications related to octreoscan accumulation in sites that classically do not have high concentrations of SSTR as well as in organs and tissues from diseases which are not usually diagnosed by octreoscan. The significance of a positive uptake as assessed by octreoscan in non-somatostatin receptor related diseases is not fully understood yet. Localization of octreotide in non-oncological disease states such as inflammation is due to presence of SSTR in activated immunological cells, over-expression by activated cells in the respective tissue and SSTR expression by blood vessels. In granulomatous diseases, over-expression of SSTR2 preferential binding sites were detected in epitheloid and giant cells. The purpose of the current study is to identify octreoscan localization in non-somatostatin receptor related disease sites to better understand the mechanism of this nonspecific accumulation which may help expand the clinical utilization of functional imaging utilizing somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in diagnosis and perhaps therapy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Ameri P, Ferone D. Diffuse endocrine system, neuroendocrine tumors and immunity: what’s new ? Neuroendocrinology. 2012;95(4):267–76.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Intenzo CM, Jabbour S, Lin HC, Miller JL, Kim SM, Capuzzi DM, et al. Scintigraphic imaging of body neuroendocrine tumors. Radiographics. 2007;27(5):1355–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bombardieri E, Ambrosini V, Aktolun C, Baum RP, Bishof-Delaloye A, Del VecchioS ML, et al. Oncology committee of the EANM. 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy: procedure guidelines for tumour imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37(7):1441–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. de Herder WW, Kwekkeboom DJ, Feelders RA, van Aken MO, Lamberts SW, van der Lely AJ, et al. Somatostatin receptor imaging for neuroendocrine tumors. Pituitary. 2006;9(3):243–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Cascini GL, Cuccurullo V, Tamburrini O, Rotondo A, Mansi L. Peptide imaging with somatostatin analogues: more than cancer probes. Curr Radiopharm. 2013;6(1):36–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Blum AM, Metwali A, Mathew RC, Cook G, Elliott D, Weinstock JV. Granuloma T lymphocytes in murine schistosomiasis mansoni have somatostatin receptors and respond to somatostatin with decreased IFN-gamma secretion. J Immunol. 1992;149:3621.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Bhathena SJ, Louie J, Schechter GP, Redman RS, Wahl L, Recant L. Identification of human mononuclear leukocytes bearing receptors for somatostatin and glucagon. Diabetes. 1981;30:127–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Dalm VA, van Hagen PM, Krenning EP. The role of octreotide scintigraphy in rheumatoid arthritis and sarcoidosis. Q J Nucl Med. 2003;47:270–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Vanhagen PM, Krenning EP, Reubi JC, Kwekkeboom DJ, Bakker WH, Mulder AH. Somatostatin analogue scintigraphy in granulomatous diseases. Eur J Nucl Med. 1994;21:497–502.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Adams RL, Adams IP, Lindow SW, Zhong W, Atkin SL. Somatostatin receptors 2 and 5 are preferentially expressed in proliferating endothelium. Br J Cancer. 2005;25:1493–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Cascini GL, Cuccurullo V, Mansi L. The non tumour uptake of (111) In-octreotide creates new clinical indications in benign diseases, but also in oncology. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;54(1):24–36.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Limouris GS, Rassidakis A, Kondi-Paphiti A, Triantafyllou N, Manetou A, Gennatas K, et al. Receptor scintigraphy of nonneuroendocrine cancers with in-111 pentetreotide. Hybridoma. 1997;16(1):133–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Sainz-Esteban A, et al. 111In-Pentetreotide uptake in an ovarian Teratoma and impact of SPECT/CT imaging. Clin Nucl Med. 2013;38(10):843–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Chowdhury FU, Scarsbrook AF. Indium-111 pentetreotide uptake within cerebellar hemangioblastoma in von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. Clin Nucl Med. 2008;33(4):294–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Nilsson S, et al. Metastatic hormone-refractory prostatic adenocarcinoma expresses somatostatin receptors and is visualized in vivo by [111In]-labeled DTPA-D-[Phe1]- octreotide scintigraphy. Cancer Research. 1995;55(23 Supplement):5805s–10s.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Gedik GK, Kiratli PO, Erbas B. Visualization of gallbladder with In-111 labeled octreotide in post prandial state. Ann Nucl Med. 2006;2 0(8):557–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Canbaz F, et al. Rapid verification of unusual tracer uptake patterns by means of SPECT/CT: a case of unexpected 111Indium Pentetreotide accumulation in a splenic variant. Clin Nucl Med. 2010;35(11):904–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Hoefer M, Schmidt S, Welter J, Kirsch CM, Ukena D, Sybrecht GW. Diagnostic value of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with indium-111 pentetreotide in small-cell bronchial carcinoma. Pneumologie. 1998;52(2):106–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Calabrese F, Zuin A, Brambilla E, Zucchetta P, Lunardi F, Valente M, et al. Pulmonary inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour with unusual octreoscan uptake: two reports. Eur Respir J. 2010;35(2):448–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Lebtahi R, Crestani B, Belmatoug N, Daou D, Genin R, Dombret MC, et al. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and gallium scintigraphy in patients with sarcoidosis. J Nucl Med. 2001;42(1):21–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Lebtahi R, Moreau S, Marchand-Adam S, Debray MP, Brauner M, Soler P, et al. Increased uptake of 111In-octreotide in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Nucl Med. 2006;47(8):1281–7.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Weinmann P, Crestani B, Tazi A, Genereau T, Mal H, Aubier M, et al. 111In-pentetreotide scintigraphy in patients with Langerhans' cell histiocytosis. J Nucl Med. 2000;41(11):1808–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Neumann I, Mirzaei S, Birck R, Osinger K, Waldherr R, Köhn HD, et al. Expression of somatostatin receptors in inflammatory lesions and diagnostic valueof somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in patients with ANCA-associated small vessel vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2004;43(2):195–201.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Krassas GE, Kahaly GJ. The role of octreoscan in thyroid eye disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 1999;140(5):373–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Fernandez A, Tabuenca O, Peteiro A. A "false positive" octreoscan in ileal Crohn's disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2008;14(34):5349–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Dörr U, Frank-Raue K, Raue F, Sautter-Bihl ML, Guzman G, Buhr HJ, et al. The potential value of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in medullary thyroidcarcinoma. Nucl Med Commun. 1993;14(6):439–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Usmani S, Alshammari A. False-positive (111) in-pentetreotide uptake in gastritis. World J Nucl Med. 2013;12(2):76–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Rahman S, Raja S, Ehni BL. False-positive indium 111 pentetreotide scan for recurrent meningioma due to radiation fibrosis. Clin Nucl Med. 2011;36(1):43–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Karyagar S, Mulazimoglu M, Karyagar SS, Halac M, Ozpacaci T. Chronic bronchitis mimicking metastases from thyroid medullary carcinoma demonstrated by indium-111 pentetreotide scintigraphy. Cancer Imaging. 2008;24(8):118–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Koopmans KP, Jager PL, Kema IP, Kerstens MN, Albers F, Dullaart RP. 111Inoctreotide is superior to 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine for scintigraphic detection of head and neck paragangliomas. J Nucl Med. 2008;49(8):1232–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Müller HL, Frühwald MC, Scheubeck M, Rendl J, Warmuth-Metz M, Sörensen N, et al. A possible role for somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the diagnosis and follow-up of children with medulloblastoma. J Neuro-Oncol. 1998;38(1):27–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Lebtahi R, Cadiot G, Marmuse JP, Vissuzaine C, Petegnief Y, Courillon-Mallet A, et al. False-positive somatostatin receptor scintigraphy due to an accessory spleen. J Nucl Med. 1997;38(12):1979–81.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Behr TM, Gratz S, Markus PM, Dunn RM, Hüfner M, Becker H, et al. Enhanced bilateral somatostatin receptor expression in mediastinal lymph nodes ("chimney sign") in occult metastatic medullary thyroid cancer: a typical site of tumour manifestation? Eur J Nucl Med. 1997;24(2):184–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Stoffel M, Jamar F, Donckier J, Hainaut P, Decoster P, Beckers C, et al. Increased uptake of indium-111 pentetreotide up to 10 years after external thoracic irradiation: report of two cases. Eur J Nucl Med. 1996;23(6):723–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Macfarlane D, Gonin J, Wieland D, Mangner T, Froelich J, Beierwaltes W, et al. Successful and unsuccessful approaches to imaging carcinoids:comparison of a radiolabelled tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor with a tracer of biogenic amine uptake and storage, and a somatostatin analogue. Eur J Nucl Med. 1996;23(2):131–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Kirsch CM, von Pawel J, Grau I, Tatsch K. Indium-111 pentetreotide in the diagnostic work-up of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med. 1994;21(12):1318–25.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Ferrario C, Stoll D, Boubaker A, Matter M, Yan P, Puder JJ. Diffuse nesidioblastosis with hypoglycemia mimicking an insulinoma: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2012;6:332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Bunning J, Merchant SH, Crooks LA, Hartshorne MF. Indium-111 pentetreotide uptake by pancreatic polypeptide cell hyperplasia: potential pitfall in somatostatin receptor scintigraphy. Pancreas. 2007;35(4):372–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Niederkohr RD, McDougall IR. Incidental gallbladder visualization on nonhepatobiliary nuclear medicine studies: case series and review of the literature. Clin Nucl Med. 2007;32(12):915–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Yüksel M, Eziddin S, Wardelmann E, Biersack HJ. 111In-Pentetreotide uptake in a follicular adenoma of the thyroid gland: a pitfall for 111In-Pentetreotide scintigraphy. Rev Esp Med Nucl. 2006;25(5):316–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Filippi L, Valentini FB, Gossetti B, Gossetti F, De Vincentis G, Scopinaro F, et al. Intraoperative gamma probe detection of head and neck paragangliomas with 111Inpentetreotide: a pilot study. Tumori. 2005;91(2):173–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Tsagarakis S, Christoforaki M, Giannopoulou H, Rondogianni F, Housianakou I, Malagari C, et al. A reappraisal of the utility of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in patients with ectopic adrenocorticotropin Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(10):4754–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Schulz S, Helmholz T, Schmitt J, Franke K, Otto HJ, Weise W. True positive somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in primary breast cancer correlates with expression of sst2A and sst5. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2002;72(3):221–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Gaci M, Morel O, Sultan AM, Giraud P, Muratet JP, Gamelin E, et al. Falsepositive suspicion of a thyroid metastatic lesion by in-111 pentetreotide uptake in a toxic nodular goiter. Clin Nucl Med. 2001;26(6):579–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Albérini JL, Meunier B, Denzler B, Devillers A, Tass P, Dazord L, et al. Somatostatin receptor in breast cancer and axillary nodes: study with scintigraphy, histopathology and receptor autoradiography. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2000;61(1):21–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Lau SK, Johnson DS, Coel MN. Imaging of non-small-cell lung cancer with indium-111 pentetreotide. Clin Nucl Med. 2000;25(1):24–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Reubi JC, Schaer JC, Laissue JA, Waser B. Somatostatin receptors and their subtypes in human tumors and in peritumoral vessels. Metabolism. 1996;45(8 Suppl 1):39–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Tarkin JM, Joshi FR, Evans NR, Chowdhury MM, Figg NL, Shah AV, et al. Detection of atherosclerotic inflammation by 68Ga-DOTATATE PET compared to 18F FDG PET imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69(14):1774–91.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Boy C, Heusner TA, Poeppel TD, Redmann-Bischofs A, Unger N, Jentzen W, et al. 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT and somatostatin receptor (sst1-sst5) expression in normal human tissue: correlation of sst2 mRNA and SUVmax. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011;38(7):1224–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Unger N, Ueberberg B, Schulz S, Saeger W, Mann K, Petersenn S. Differential expression of somatostatin receptor subtype 1-5 proteins in numerous human normal tissues. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2012 Sep;120(8):482–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Unger N, Serdiuk I, Sheu SY, Walz MK, Schulz S, Saeger W, et al. Immunohistochemical localization of somatostatin receptor subtypes in benign and malignant adrenal tumours. Clin Endocrinol. 2008;68(6):850–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Held-Feindt J, Krisch B, Forstreuter F, Mentlein R. Somatostatin receptors in gliomas. J Physiol Paris. 2000;94(3–4):251–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Di Bella G, Leci J, Ricchi A, Toscano R. Recurrent glioblastoma Multiforme (grade IV - WHO 2007): a case of complete objective response - concomitant administration of somatostatin / octreotide, Retinoids, Vit E, Vit D3, Vit C, melatonin, D2 R agonists (Di Bella method). Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2015;36(2):127–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Lapa C, Linsenmann T, Lückerath K, Samnick S, Herrmann K, Stoffer C, et al. Tumor-associated macrophages in glioblastoma multiforme-a suitable target for somatostatin receptor-based imaging and therapy? PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0122269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Silva CB, Ongaratti BR, Trott G, Haag T, Ferreira NP, Leães CG, et al. Expression of somatostatin receptors (SSTR1-SSTR5) in meningiomas and its clinicopathological significance. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(10):13185–92.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  56. Chandra P, Purandare N, Shah S, Agrawal A, Rangarajan V. Somatostatin receptor SPECT/CT using 99mTc labeled HYNIC-TOC aids in diagnosis of primary optic nerve sheath meningioma. Indian J Nucl Med. 2017;32(1):63–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Derlin T, Sohns JM, Hueper K. 68Ga-DOTA-TATE PET/CT for molecular imaging of somatostatin receptor expression in metastasizing Chordoma: comparison with 18F-FDG. Clin Nucl Med. 2017;42(4):e210–1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Ferone D, Semino C, Boschetti M, Cascini GL, Minuto F, Lastoria S. Initial staging of lymphoma with octreotide and other receptor imaging agents. Semin Nucl Med. 2005;35(3):176–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Dalm SU, Melis M, Emmering J, Kwekkeboom DJ, de Jong M. Breast cancer imaging using radiolabelled somatostatin analogues. Nucl Med Biol. 2016;43(9):559–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Sizdahkhani S, Feldman MJ, Piazza MG, Ksendzovsky A, Edwards NA, Ray-Chaudhury A, et al. Somatostatin receptor expression on von Hippel-Lindau-associated hemangioblastomas offers novel therapeutic target. Sci Rep. 2017;7:40822.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Glasker S, Neumann HPH, Koch CA, Vortmeyer AO. Von Hippel Lindau disease. In: DeGroot L et al., www.endotext.org, Update Aug 31, 2018, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279124/

  62. Sakane T, Suzuki N. The role of somatostatin in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1998;16(6):745–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Kamphuis LS, Kwekkeboom DJ, Missotten TO, Baarsma GS, Dalm VA, Dik WA, et al. Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy patterns in patients with sarcoidosis. Clin Nucl Med. 2015;40(12):925–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Lapa C, Reiter T, Kircher M, Schirbel A, Werner RA, Pelzer T, et al. Somatostatin receptor based PET/CT in patients with the suspicion of cardiac sarcoidosis: an initial comparison to cardiac MRI. Oncotarget. 2016;7(47):77807–14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Lincke T, Singer J, Kluge R, Sabri O, Paschke R. Relative quantification of indium-111 pentetreotide and gallium-68 DOTATOC uptake in the thyroid gland and association with thyroid pathologies. Thyroid. 2009;19(4):381–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Becker W, Schrell U, Buchfelder M, Hensen J, Wendler J, Gramatzki M, et al. Somatostatin receptor expression in the thyroid demonstrated with 111In-octreotide scintigraphy. Nuklearmedizin. 1995;34(3):100–3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Förster GJ, Krummenauer F, Nickel O, Kahaly GJ. Somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy in Graves' disease: reproducibility and variance of orbital activity. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2000;15(5):517–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Rafiei P, Souza F, Vijayakumar V. Sarcoidosis mimicking metastatic carcinoid on indium-111 pentetreotide scintigraphy. Radiol Case Rep. 2015;6(1):483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Fasshauer M, Lincke T, Witzigmann H, Kluge R, Tannapfel A, Moche M, et al. Ectopic Cushing' syndrome caused by a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the mesentery. BMC Cancer. 2006;6:108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Vinik A, Perry RR, Casellini C, Hughes MS, Feliberti E. Pathophysiology and Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PNETs): New Developments. In: De Groot LJ, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Feingold KR, Grossman A, Hershman JM, Koch C, Korbonits M, McLachlan R, New M, Purnell J, Rebar R, Singer F, Vinik A, editors. Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-.2018 Jun 12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279074/

  71. Taïeb D, Varoquaux A, Chen CC, Pacak K. Current and future trends in the anatomical and functional imaging of head and neck paragangliomas. Semin Nucl Med. 2013;43(6):462–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  72. Jain TK, Basher RK, Shukla J, Mittal BR, Panda NK. Malignant Jugular Paraganglioma: Unusual Presentation on 68Ga DOTANOC PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med. 2016;41(2):150–2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Some of the figure material has been presented in poster form at international meetings, for instance, Vijayakumar V, Koch CA. Update on the role of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis and therapy of patients with pheochromocytoma. The 41st annual scientific meeting ANZ SNM, Darwin Australia, July 17, poster P-80, Internal Medicine Journal, July 2011, Vol. 41, Suppl 3, 43.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA

    Eldrin Bhanat

  2. Medicover GmbH and Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    Christian A. Koch

  3. Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40292, USA

    Christian A. Koch

  4. Department of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA

    Rinkuben Parmar

  5. Department of Medicine/Endocrinology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA

    Vishnu Garla

  6. Division of Nuclear Medicine and Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA

    Vani Vijayakumar

Authors
  1. Eldrin Bhanat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Christian A. Koch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rinkuben Parmar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Vishnu Garla
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Vani Vijayakumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vani Vijayakumar.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Prof. Christian Koch declares that he has no conflict of interest related to this article. He has served as consultant on the Advisory Board of Novartis and Ipsen related to acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors. He also is investigator of the observational study CSOM230B2410 Signifor. The remaining authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bhanat, E., Koch, C.A., Parmar, R. et al. Somatostatin receptor expression in non-classical locations – clinical relevance?. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 19, 123–132 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-018-9470-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-018-9470-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation