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Valorization of bio-renewably available ethanol over alkali-exchanged ZSM-5: improved aromatic selectivity and catalyst life

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Abstract

We have studied bio-renewably available ethanol valorization. Literature on ethanol to aromatic compounds is rather scant. We studied the catalytic performance of dealuminated ZSM-5 and Li-, Na-, and K-exchanged ZSM-5. This led to reduced strength and number of Bronsted acid sites and the formation of basic and Lewis acid sites. Reactions carried out with ethanol at 450 °C and 30 kg/cm2 afforded higher aromatic selectivity (50.6% with Li-ZSM-5, 45.3% with Na-ZSM-5, 32.8% with K-ZSM-5, 54.9% with dealuminated ZSM-5, and 50.8% with H-ZSM-5), whereas dealuminated ZSM-5 and Li-ZSM-5 showed reduced coke formation among all the catalysts. The catalysts were characterized by Py-FTIR, N2- and CO2-adsorption–desorption, NH3-TPD, and ICP-AES to substantiate/rationalize observations. Coking behavior of catalysts was characterized by DTG-TGA analysis, GC–MS of coke deposited on spent catalysts, and the “conversion capacity”- and the “a minus b”-parameters. Plausible reaction mechanism involving different active sites is suggested.

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Data availability

The partial data supporting this study are available in the supplementary information. The remaining data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [DB], upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Dr. Ganapati V. Shanbhag (PPISR, Bengaluru), Dr. Sumit Kumar Pramanik (CSMCRI, Bhavnagar), Dr. Ritambhara Jangir (SVNIT, Surat), SAIF IIT Bombay and MRC MNIT Jaipur for extending their analytical facilities.

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  1. Chemical Engineering Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395 007, India

    Digvijay Badghaiya, Jigisha K. Parikh & Parimal A. Parikh

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PAP: Conceptualisation, result analyses and interpretation, arranging resources, supervision of experiments, review and editing the manuscript. JKP: monitoring experimental work DB: Conducted experiments, generated, and analyzed data, result analysis, writing the original draft of the manuscript.

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Badghaiya, D., Parikh, J.K. & Parikh, P.A. Valorization of bio-renewably available ethanol over alkali-exchanged ZSM-5: improved aromatic selectivity and catalyst life. Reac Kinet Mech Cat (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-024-02612-2

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