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Impact of the promoter on the performance of carbon-supported Pt-Bi and Pt-Sb catalysts for the oxidative coupling of 2-Methyl-1-naphthol

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Abstract

Bi- or Sb-promoted Pt catalysts with various Pt/Promoter ratios were supported on activated carbon (AC) by electroless deposition. Samples were characterized by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), N2 physisorption, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The highest compositional homogeneity was found for 1%Pt–5%Bi, while 5%Pt–1%Bi has the highest platinum exposure on the surface. Pt–Sb samples consist of Pt- and Sb-containing nanochains; isolated Pt particles are only observed on a sample high in Pt and low in Sb (5%Pt–1%Sb). The suitability of the catalysts for the oxidative coupling of 2-methyl-1-naphthol depends on the promoter (Pro) used, the Pt loading, the Pt/Pro ratio, the solvent and the temperature of the reaction. 5%Pt–1%Bi/AC has the highest activity in terms of catalytic cycles completed; at room temperature in MeNO2 the binaphthol (3,3’-dimethyl-1,1’-binaphthalenyl-4,4’-diol) is obtained with an isolated yield of 99%. The highest yield (89%) of the binaphthone (3,3’-dimethyl-1,1’-binaphthalenylidene-4,4’-dione) is observed over 1%Pt-5%Bi/AC in refluxing MeOH.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available since it is an ongoing study, but they are obtainable from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

M.V. Maphoru gratefully acknowledges financial support by a bursary received from DAAD-NRF (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst—National Research Foundation of South Africa). The authors are thankful for the assistance received from Ms. Louise Mostert for XPS analysis (National Metrology Institute of South Africa), and from Ms. Charity Maepa and Ms. Rirandzu Rikhotso for SEM and TEM analysis (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria).

Funding

M.V. Maphoru gratefully acknowledges financial support by a bursary received from DAAD-NRF (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst—National Research Foundation of South Africa) and conference attendance fees received from Tshwane University of Technology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa

    Mabuatsela V. Maphoru & Josef Heveling

  2. Centre for Nanostructures and Advanced Materials, DSI-CSIR National Innovation Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa

    Sreejarani Kesavan Pillai

Authors
  1. Mabuatsela V. Maphoru
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  2. Josef Heveling
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  3. Sreejarani Kesavan Pillai
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the conception and the design of the study. Material preparation, data collection and data analyses were performed by MVM and supervised by JH and SKP. The first draft of the manuscript was written by MVM, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mabuatsela V. Maphoru.

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Maphoru, M.V., Heveling, J. & Kesavan Pillai, S. Impact of the promoter on the performance of carbon-supported Pt-Bi and Pt-Sb catalysts for the oxidative coupling of 2-Methyl-1-naphthol. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 134, 95–107 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-021-02038-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-021-02038-0

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