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Chitosan-functionalized nano-titanium dioxide: a novel and highly efficient nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions

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Abstract

In the present work, chitosan-functionalized nano-titanium dioxide as a novel type of retrievable organocatalyst is synthesized via a two-step process involving the covalent grafting of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate as a regioselective linker to nano-TiO2 (n-TiO2@TDI) and subsequent grafting of chitosan through a nucleophilic reaction. The prepared nanocatalyst was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analyses and it was found to be a robust and highly active heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions. Furthermore, the catalyst could be recovered after a simple work-up and reused for several cycles without deterioration in catalytic property which confirms its stability.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the Faculty of chemistry of Semnan University for supporting this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Chemistry, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

    Mahdieh Ghasemi & Ali Amoozadeh

  2. Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Elaheh Kowsari

Authors
  1. Mahdieh Ghasemi
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  2. Ali Amoozadeh
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  3. Elaheh Kowsari
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Amoozadeh.

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Ghasemi, M., Amoozadeh, A. & Kowsari, E. Chitosan-functionalized nano-titanium dioxide: a novel and highly efficient nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles under solvent-free conditions. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 120, 605–617 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-016-1114-6

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