Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Impact of corruption, unemployment and inflation on economic growth evidence from developing countries

  • Published:
Quality & Quantity Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The main objective of this empirical study to examine the impact of corruption, unemployment and inflation on economic growth for seventy nine (79) developing countries of the world for the period from 2002 to 2018. This study uses Panel unit root tests (PUT), Pooled Mean Group (PMG), Fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), and Dynamic least square (DOLS), for the data estimation. The estimates of PUT reveal that all the variables are mixed order of integration. The PMG, FMOLS and DOLS estimates reveal that corruption, unemployment and political stability have negative effect on GDP per capita, while Inflation, governance effectiveness and rule of law have positive effect on GDP per capita. This empirical study has some policy implication for government and policy makers.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • A.C.Pigou, „The Theory of Unemployment‟, Macmillan, London. (1993)

  • Abed, G.T., Davoodi, H.R.: Corruption. Structural Reforms, and Economic Performance in the Transtition Economies. (2002)

  • Adaman, F., Çarkoğlu, A., Şenatalar, B.: Causes of corruption in Turkey through the eyes of household and recommendations on the prevention of corruption. (2001)

  • Adaramola, A.O., Dada, O.: Impact of inflation on economic growth: evidence from Nigeria. Invest. Manage. Financial Innovations. 17(2), 1–13 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Agbu, O.: Corruption and human trafficking: The Nigerian case. West Afr. Rev. 4(1), 1–13 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Aghion, P., Howitt, P.: Growth and unemployment. Rev. Econ. Stud. 61(3), 477–494 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad, S., Mortaza, M.G.: Inflation and economic growth in Bangladesh: 1981–2005 (No. id: 3033). (2010)

  • Akçay, S.: Economic Analysis of Corruption in Developing Countries. Unpublished PhD. Thesis, Afyon Kocatepe University, Instıtute of Socıal Scıences, Afyon. (2001)

  • Al Qudah, A.M.H.: The Impact of Corruption on Economic Development-the Case of Jordan. University of Newcastle (2009)

  • Ali, A.M., Isse, H.S.: Determinants of economic corruption: A cross-country comparison. Cato J. 22, 449 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali, A., Zulfiqar, K.:An assessment of association between natural resources agglomeration and unemployment in Pakistan. (2018)

  • Aliyu, S.U.R., Elijah, A.O.: Corruption and economic growth in Nigeria: 1986–2007. (2017)

  • Alrayes, S.E., Wadi, R.M.A.: Determinants of unemployment in Bahrain. Int. J. Bus. Social Sci. 9(12), 64–74 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Anoruo, E., Braha, H.: Corruption and economic growth: the African experience. J. Sustainable Dev. Afr. 7(1), 43–55 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Anwer, M.S., Sampath, R.K.: Investment and economic growth (No. 1840-2016-152256). (1999)

  • Awan, R.U., Akhtar, T., Rahim, S., Sher, F., Cheema, A.R.: Governance, corruption and economic growth: A panel data analysis of selected SAARC countries. Pak. Econ. Soc. Rev. 56(1), 1–20 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Aydin, C.: The inflation-growth nexus: A dynamic panel threshold analysis for D-8 countries. Romanian J. Economic Forecast. 20(4), 134–151 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Azeng, T.F., Yogo, T.U.: Youth unemployment and political instability in selected developing countries. African Development Bank, Tunis, Tunisia (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bakare, A.S.: The crowding-out effects of corruption in Nigeria: An empirical study. J. Bus. Manage. Econ. 2(2), 059–068 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Banda, H., Ngirande, H., Hogwe, F.: The impact of economic growth on unemployment in South Africa: 1994–2012. Invest. Manage. Financial Innovations. 13(contin1), 246–255 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bardhan, P.: Corruption and development: a review of issues. J. Econ. Lit. 35(3), 1320–1346 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • Barro, R.J.: Inflation and economic growth. (1995)

  • Becherair, A., Tahtane, M.: The causality between corruption and human development in MENA countries: A panel data analysis. East-West Journal of Economics and Business, 20(2).\ (2017)

  • Ben, E.U., Udo, E.S., Abner, I.P., Ibekwe, U.J.: The effect of corruption on economic sustainability and growth in Nigeria. Int. J. Econ. Commer. Manage. 6(4), 657–669 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Calişkan, N., Kadiu, F.A.T.B.A.R.D.H.A.: Corruption and Economic Development in Albania. Interdisciplinary J. Res. Dev. 2(1), 76 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheema, A.R., Atta, A.: Economic determinants of unemployment in Pakistan: Co-integration analysis.International journal of business and social science, 5(3). (2014)

  • De Gregorio, J.: Inflation, growth, and central banks: theory and evidence, vol. 1575. World Bank Publications (1994)

  • Dike, V.E.: Corruption in Nigeria: A new paradigm for effective control. Afr. economic Anal. 24(08), 1–22 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dinh, D.V.: Impulse response of inflation to economic growth dynamics: VAR model analysis. J. Asian Finance Econ. Bus. 7(9), 219–228 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Duhu, I.G.: Democratic Stability in Mitigating the Impact of Corruption on Economic Growth in Nigeria. (2019)

  • Dumitrescu, E.I., Hurlin, C.: Testing for Granger non-causality in heterogeneous panels. Econ. Model. 29(4), 1450–1460 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Durguti, E.A.: How Does the Budget Deficit Affect Inflation Rate–Evidence from Western Balkans Countries. Int. J. Finance Bank. Stud. 9(2147–4486), 01–10 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dzhumashev, R.: Corruption and growth: The role of governance, public spending, and economic development. Econ. Model. 37, 202–215 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Egunjobi, T.A.: An econometric analysis of the impact of corruption on economic growth in Nigeria. (2013)

  • Ehrlich, I., Lui, F.T.: Bureaucratic corruption and endogenous economic growth. J. Polit. Econ. 107(S6), S270–S293 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, S., Modigliani, F.: Towards an understanding of the real effects and costs of inflation. Rev. World Econ. 114(4), 810–833 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gokal, V., Hanif, S.: Relationship between inflation and economic growth, vol. 4. Economics Department, Reserve Bank of Fiji, Suva (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Grabova, P.: Corruption impact on Economic Growth: An empirical analysis. J. Economic Dev. Manage. IT Finance Mark. 6(2), 57 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Grabova, P.: Corruption impact on Economic Growth: An empirical analysis. J. Economic Dev. Manage. IT Finance Mark. 6(2), 57 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gyang, E.J., Anzaku, E., Iyakwari, A.D.B., Eze, F.: An Analysis of the Relationship Between Unemployment, Inflation and Economic Growth in Nigeria: 1986–2015. (2018)

  • Haider, A., ud Din, M., Ghani, E.: Consequences of political instability, governance and bureaucratic corruption on inflation and growth: The case of Pakistan.The Pakistan Development Review,773–807. (2011)

  • Herbener, J.M.: The Fallacy of the Phillips Curve”. Dissent on Keynes: A Critical Appraisal of Keynesian Economics. New York: Praeger (2011)

  • Huang, Q.G., Wang, K., Wang, S.: Inflation model constraints from data released in 2015. Phys. Rev. D. 93(10), 103516 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hussain, S., Malik, S.: Inflation and economic growth: Evidence from Pakistan. Int. J. Econ. Finance. 3(5), 262–276 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim, W., Sheu, O.A.: Corruption and economic growth in Nigeria (1980–2013). Artha J. Social Sci. 14(4), 1–17 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  • Im, K.S., Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y.: Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. J. Econ. 115(1), 53–74 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Imran, M., Mughal, K.S., Salman, A., Makarevic, N.: Unemployment and economic growth of developing Asian countries: A panel data analysis.European Journal of Economic Studies, (3),147–160. (2015)

  • Jain, A.K.: Corruption: A review. J. economic Surv. 15(1), 71–121 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansen, S.: Statistical analysis of cointegration vectors. J. economic dynamics control. 12(2–3), 231–254 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  • Karki, S., Banjara, S., Dumre, A.: A review on impact of inflation on economic growth in Nepal. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science. 5(4), 576–582 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kayode, A., Arome, A., Silas, A.: The rising rate of unemployment in Nigeria: the socio-economic and political implications.Global Business and Economics Research Journal, 3(1). (2014)

  • Levin, A., Lin, C.F., Chu, C.S.J.: Unit root tests in panel data: asymptotic and finite-sample properties. J. Econ. 108(1), 1–24 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, J.Y.: Development strategies for inclusive growth in developing Asia. Asian Dev. Rev. 21(2), 1–27 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipset, S.M., Lenz, G.S.: Corruption, culture, and markets. Cult. matters: How values shape Hum. progress. 112, 112 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipsey, R.G.: The relation between unemployment and the rate of change of money wage rates in the United Kingdom, 1862–1957: a further analysis.Economica,1–31. (1960)

  • Malla, S.: Inflation and economic growth: Evidence from a growth equation. Department of Economics, University of Hawaiâ™ I at Monoa, Honoulu, USA. (1997)

  • Mallik, G., Chowdhury, A.: Inflation and economic growth: evidence from four south Asian countries. Asia-Pac. Dev. J. 8(1), 123–135 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauro, M.P.: The Effects of Corruptionon Growth, Investment, and Government Expenditure. International Monetary Fund (1996)

  • Mauro, P.: Corruption and growth. Q. J. Econ. 110(3), 681–712 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mo, P.H.: Corruption and economic growth. J. Comp. Econ. 29(1), 66–79 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mubarik, Y.A., Riazuddin, R.: Inflation and growth: An estimate of the threshold level of inflation in Pakistan. State Bank of Pakistan, Karachi (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mundell, R.A.: Growth, stability, and inflationary finance. J. Polit. Econ. 73(2), 97–109 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, K.M., Shleifer, A., Vishny, R.W.: Why is rent-seeking so costly to growth? Am. Econ. Rev. 83(2), 409–414 (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  • Omenka, I.J.: The effect of corruption on development in Nigeria. IOSR J. Humanit. Social Sci. 15(6), 39–44 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Patton, M.: Government Corruption and Economic Growth: The 21 Least Corrupt Nations. (2012)

  • Perotti, R.: Growth, income distribution, and democracy: What the data say. J. Econ. Growth. 1(2), 149–187 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y.: An autoregressive distributed lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis. (1995)

  • Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., Smith, J.R.: Bond testing approach to the analysis of long run relationship. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 94, 621–634 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., Smith, R.J.: Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. J. Appl. Econom. 16(3), 289–326 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, E.W.F.: Is economic inequality really a problem? A review of the arguments. Social Sci. 6(4), 147 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips, P.C., Hansen, B.E.: Statistical inference in instrumental variables regression with I (1) processes. Rev. Econ. Stud. 57(1), 99–125 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  • Popova, Y., Podolyakina, N.: Pervasive impact of corruption on social system and economic growth. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 110, 727–737 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Prachowny, M.F.: Okun’s law: theoretical foundations and revised estimates.The review of Economics and Statistics,331–336. (1993)

  • Rivera, J.P.R., Tullao, T.S. Jr.: Investigating the link between remittances and inflation: evidence from the Philippines. South. East. Asia Research. 28(3), 301–326 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Saad, M., Uddin, I.: The impact of unemployment, money supply, financial development, FDI, population growth, and inflation on Economic growth of Pakistan. Meritorious Journal of Social Sciences and Management (E-ISSN# 2788–4589| P-ISSN# 2788–4570), 4(3), 1–17. (2021)

  • Samadi, A.H., Farahmandpour, B.: The effect of income inequality on corruption in selected countries (1995–2007). J. Emerg. Issues Econ. Finance Bank. 1(3), 214–231 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, P.A., Solow, R.M.: Analytical aspects of anti-inflation policy. Am. Econ. Rev. 50(2), 177–194 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shahid, M.: Effect of inflation and unemployment on economic growth in Pakistan. J. Econ. sustainable Dev. 5(15), 103–106 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mallik, G., & Chowdhury, A. (2001). Inflation and economic growth: evidence from four south Asian countries. Asia-Pacific Development Journal, 8(1), 123-135.

  • Strobl, E., Byrne, D.M.: Defining unemployment in developing countries: evidence from Trinidad and Tobago. Available at SSRN 372465. (2002)

  • Šumah, Å., Mahić, E.:Impact On The Perception Oc Corruption. (2015)

  • Swedberg, R.: The doctrine of economic neutrality of the IMF and the World Bank. J. Peace Res. 23(4), 377–390 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweidan, O.D.: Does inflation harm economic growth in Jordan? An econometric analysis for the period 1970–2000. Int. J. Appl. Econometrics Quant. Stud. 1(2), 41–66 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanzi, V., Davoodi, H.: Corruption, growth, and public finances. political Econ. corruption. 2, 89–110 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tobin, J.: Money and economic growth.Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society,671–684. (1965)

  • Uddin, I.: Impact of inflation on economic growth in Pakistan.Economic Consultant, 34(2). (2021)

  • Viner, J.: Mr. Keynes on the causes of unemployment (1936)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ijaz Uddin.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Appendix 1

Appendix 1

List of sample countries.

Countries

Countries

Countries

Countries

Albania

Chad

Iran

Oman

Algeria

Chile

Jamaica

Pakistan

Angola

China

Jordan

Papua New Guinea

Armenia

Colombia

Kenya

Paraguay

Azerbaijan

Costa Rica

Libya

Peru

Bahrain

Croatia

Malawi

Poland

Bangladesh

Dominican Rep

Malaysia

Rwanda

Barbados

Ecuador

Mali

Saudi Arabia

Belarus

El Salvador

Mauritius

South Africa

Benin

Gabon

Mexico

Sri Lanka

Bhutan

Georgia

Moldova

Tanzania

Bolivia

Ghana

Mongolia

Thailand

Bosnia/Herzegovina

Guatemala

Morocco

Trinidad and Tobago

Botswana

Guinea

Mozambique

Tunisia

Brazil

Guyana

Myanmar

Turkey

Bulgaria

Haiti

Namibia

Uganda

Burkina Faso

Honduras

Nepal

Ukraine

Burundi

Hungary

Nicaragua

Uruguay

Cambodia

India

Niger

Zambia

Cameroon

Indonesia

Nigeria

 

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Uddin, I., Rahman, K.U. Impact of corruption, unemployment and inflation on economic growth evidence from developing countries. Qual Quant 57, 2759–2779 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-022-01481-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-022-01481-y

Keywords

Navigation