The paper shows that X-ray diffraction can be used to evaluate changes in the energy content of materials after mechanical activation to determine the energy characteristics of powder tungsten and molybdenum carbides in the feedstock preparation process. This is important for controlling the properties of tungsten carbide hardmetals and inoculating castings using molybdenum carbides.
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Notes
ΔE d = K ⋅ E l, where K is the coefficient of relative change in volume of the elementary cell of the concentrate phase; E l is lattice energy of the mineral.
ΔE s = 6E s V mol(1/D i – 1/D o), where E s is surface energy; V mol is molar volume; D i , D o are sizes of CSDs for the mineral after and before MA.
\( \varDelta {E}_{\varepsilon }=\frac{3}{2}{E}_{\mathrm{Y}}\left({\varepsilon}_i^2-{\varepsilon}_{\mathrm{o}}^2\right)\ {V}_{\mathrm{mol}} \), where E Y is Young’s modulus; ε i , εo are root-mean-square microstrains of the mineral after and before MA.
For anions, ec = z 2/2r; for cations, ec = z 2/2r0.75 (r + 0.2).
ΔE МАd is the amount of energy used to change interplanar spacing in lattice during MA.
ΔE МОd is the amount of energy used to change interplanar spacing in lattice during thermal destruction of metal organic mixtures.
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Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Vol. 53, Nos. 7–8 (498), pp. 69–80, 2014.
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Bogatyreva, E.V., Ermilov, A.G. Evaluating the Energy Content of Nonequilibrium Tungsten and Molybdenum Carbide Structures. Powder Metall Met Ceram 53, 431–440 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-014-9635-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11106-014-9635-x