Abstract
Potassium is the most abundant inorganic cation that constitutes up to 10% of the total plant dry weight and plays a prominent role in plant growth and development. Plants exhibit a complex but highly organized system of channels and transporters, which are involved in absorption and distribution of K+ from soil to different parts of plants. In this study, we explored the K+ transport system in chickpea genome and identified 36 genes encoding potassium channels and transporters. The identified genes were further classified on the basis of their domain structure and conserved motifs. It includes K+ transporters (23 genes: 2 HKTs, 6 KEAs, and 15 KUP/HAK/KTs) and K+ channels (13 genes: 8 Shakers and 5 TPKs). Chromosomal localization of these genes demonstrated that various K+ transporters and channels are randomly distributed across all the eight chromosomes. Comparative phylogenetic analysis of K+ transport system genes from Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, and Oryza sativa revealed their strong conservation in different plant species. Similarly, gene structure analysis displayed conservation of family-specific intron/exon organization in the K+ transport system genes. Evolutionary analysis of these genes suggested the segmental duplication as principal route of expansion for this family in chickpea. Several abiotic stress-related cis-regulatory elements were also identified in promoter regions suggesting their role in abiotic stress tolerance. Expression analysis of selected genes under drought, heat, osmotic, and salt stress demonstrated their differential expression in response to these stresses. This signifies the importance of these genes in the modulation of stress response in chickpea. Present study provides the first insight into K+ transport system in chickpea and can serve as a basis for their functional analysis.
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This study was funded by International Foundation for Science (IFS) (grant number no. C/5684-1).
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Figure S1
A) An unrooted phylogenetic tree of HKT family is generated via MEGA 7. The complete protein sequences of all members were aligned to generate the tree. Two subfamilies of HKTs (subfamily I and subfamily II) on the base of G or S residues are also shown in the tree. (B) Multiple sequence alignment of HKT family is shown. First P loop of various plant (Cicer arietinum L, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Oryza sativa and Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) HKTs is compared with TrkH from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P-loop of the Drosophila Shaker channel, Trk1from S. cerevisiae and to the KtrB from Vibrio alginolyticus, Alignment was done via ClustalX2. Conserved G residue is shown above the alignment. (JPG 202 kb)
Figure S2
(A) An unrooted phylogenetic tree of KUP/HAK/KT family is presented. The tree was generated using MEGA 7. The complete protein sequence of all members was aligned and TreeView program was used for visualization and analysis of graphical output. (B) Multiple sequence alignment of KUP/HAK/KT family is shown. Alignment was done via ClustalX2. Conserved motifs are shown above the alignment. Highly conserved residues are highlighted. (JPG 377 kb)
Figure S3
(A) An unrooted phylogenetic tree of KEA family is given. The tree was generated using Neighbor joining method via MEGA 7. TreeView program was used for visualization of graphical output. (B) Multiple sequence alignment of KEA family is shown. Alignment was done via ClustalX2. Conserved motifs are shown above the alignment. Highly conserved residues are highlighted. (JPG 348 kb)
Figure S4
(A) An unrooted phylogenetic tree of Shaker family is presented. The tree was generated using MEGA 7. The complete protein sequence of all members was aligned to generate the tree. Subfamilies of Shaker family are also shown in the tree. (B) Multiple sequence alignment of Shaker family is shown. Alignment was done via ClustalX2. TXXTXGYGD motif, a hallmark of K+ channels, is shown above the alignment . Highly conserved residues are highlighted in black. (JPG 447 kb)
Figure S5
(A) An unrooted phylogenetic tree of KCO family is given. The tree was generated using Neighbor joining method via MEGA 7. TreeView program was used for visualization and analysis of tree. (B)Multiple sequence alignment of KCO family is shown. Alignment was done via ClustalX2. Conserved motifs i.e. RSXpSX, necessary to interact with regulatory proteins, and TXXTXGYGD (a hallmark of K+ channels) are shown above the alignment. Highly conserved residues are highlighted in black. (JPG 220 kb)
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Azeem, F., Ahmad, B., Atif, R.M. et al. Genome-Wide Analysis of Potassium Transport-Related Genes in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and Their Role in Abiotic Stress Responses. Plant Mol Biol Rep 36, 451–468 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-018-1090-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-018-1090-2