Abstract
We have previously found that a transcription factor, ANAC046, acts as a positive regulator of chlorophyll degradation and senescence in Arabidopsis leaves. In this study, we introduced overexpression (OX) or dominant negative (SRDX) constructs into petunia (Petunia hybrida) with a focus on the effect of the introduced gene on the flowers. The corolla limbs of the OX plants showed enhanced levels of chlorophyll catabolic genes resulting in lower chlorophyll content than those of wild-type plants. In the SRDX plants, chlorophyll catabolic genes were down-regulated and a higher level of chlorophyll was accumulated in the corolla limbs. There was no significant difference in the expression levels of senescence-associated genes and flower longevity between wild-type and transgenic plants. In petunia leaves, ANAC046 promoted chlorophyll degradation and senescence as previously observed in Arabidopsis leaves. We conclude that common or closely related transcription factors that regulate chlorophyll degradation may exist in the leaves and flowers, whereas those involved in senescence are different between them.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Balazadeh S, Siddiqui H, Allu AD, Matallana-Ramirez LP, Caldana C, Mehrnia M, Zanor MI, Kohler B, Mueller-Roeber B (2010) Gene regulatory network controlled by NAC transcription factor ANAC092/AtNAC2/ORE1 during salt-promoted senescence. Plant J 62:250–264
Balazadeh S, Kwasniewski M, Caldana C, Mehrnia M, Zanor MI, Xue G-P, Mueller-Roeber B (2011) ORS1, An H2O2-responsive NAC transcription factor, controls senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol Plant 4:346–360
Broderick SR, Wijeratne S, Wijeratn AJ, Chapin LJ, Meulia T, Jones ML (2014) RNA-sequencing reveals early, dynamic transcriptome changes in the corollas of pollinated petunias. BMC Plant Biol 14:307
Fromme P, Melkozernov A, Jordan P, Krauss N (2003) Structure and function of photosystem I: interaction with its soluble electron carriers and external antenna systems. FEBS Lett 555:40–44
Green BR, Durnford DG (1996) The chlorophyll-carotenoid proteins of oxygenic photosynthesis. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 47:685–714
Guo Y, Gan S (2006) AtNAP, a NAC family transcription factor, has an important role in leaf senescence. Plant J 46:601–612
Hiratsu K, Matsui K, Koyama T, Ohme-Takagi M (2003) Dominant repression of target genes by chimeric repressors that include the EAR motif, a repression domain, in Arabidopsis. Plant J 34:733–739
Hörtensteiner S (2006) Chlorophyll degradation during senescence. Annu Rev Plant Biol 57:55–77
Hörtensteiner S (2013) Update on biochemistry of chlorophyll breakdown. Plant Mol Biol 82:505–517
Hörtensteiner S, Kräutler B (2011) Chlorophyll breakdown in higher plants. Biochim Biophys Acta 1807:977–988
Jones ML, Stead AD, Clark DG (2009) Petunia flower senescence. In Petunia, Gerats T. and Strommer J. (Eds), p 301-324. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84796-2
Jorgensen RA, Cluster PD, English J, Oue O, Napoli CA (1996) Chalcone synthase cosuppression phenotypes in petunia flowers: comparison of sense vs. antisense constructs and single-copy vs. complex T-DNA sequences. Plant Mol Biol 31:957–973
Kim D-S, Woo HR, Kim J, Nam HG (2009) Trifurcate feed-forward regulation of age-dependent cell death involving miR164 in Arabidopsis. Science 323:1053–1057
Kim YS, Sakuraba Y, Han S-H, Yoo S-C, Paek N-C (2013) Mutation of the Arabidopsis NAC016 transcription factor delays leaf senescence. Plant Cell Physiol 54:1660–1672
Oda-Yamamizo C, Mitsuda N, Sakamoto S, Ogawa D, Ohme-Takagi M, Ohmiya A (2016) The NAC transcription factor ANAC046 is a positive regulator of chlorophyll degradation and senescence in Arabidopsis leaves. Sci Rep 6:23609. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23609
Ohmiya A, Hirashima M, Yagi M, Tanase K, Yamamizo C (2014) Identification of genes associated with chlorophyll accumulation in flower petals. PLoS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113738
Ooka H, Satoh K, Doi K, Nagata T, Otomo Y, Murakami K, Matsubara K, Osato N, Kawai J, Carninci P, Hayashizaki Y, Suzuki K, Kojima K, Takahara Y, Yamamoto K, Kikuchi S (2003) Comprehensive analysis of NAC family genes in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana. DNA Res 10:239–247
Oshima Y, Mitsuda N, Nakata M, Nakagawa T, Nagaya S, Kato K, Ohme-Takagi M (2011) Novel vector systems to accelerate functional analysis of transcription factors using chimeric repressor gene-silencing technology (CRES-T). Plant Biotech 28:201–210
Qiu K, Li Z, Yang Z, Chen J, Wu S, Zhu X, Gao S, Gao J, Ren G, Kuai B, Zhou X (2015) EIN3 And ORE1 accelerate degreening during ethylene-mediated leaf senescence by directly activating chlorophyll catabolic genes in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005399
Rauf M, Arif M, Dortay H, Matallana-Ramirez LP, Waters MT, Gil Nam H, Lim PO, Mueller-Roeber B, Balazadeh S (2013) ORE1 balances leaf senescence against maintenance by antagonizing G2-like-mediated transcription. EMBO Rep 14:382–388
Sakuraba Y, Han S-H, Lee S-H, Hörtensteiner S, Paek N-C (2016) Arabidopsis NAC016 promotes chlorophyll breakdown by directly upregulating STAYGREEN1 transcription. Plant Cell Rep 35:155–166
Shibuya K, Shimizu K, Niki T, Ichimura K (2014) Identification of a NAC transcription factor, EPHEMERAL1, that controls petal senescence in Japanese morning glory. Plant J 79:1044–1051
Thomas H, Ougham H, Canter P, Donnison I (2002) What stay-green mutants tell us about nitrogen remobilization in leaf senescence. J Exp Bot 53:801–808
Winter D, Vinegar B, Nahal H, Ammar R, Wilson GV, Provart NJ (2007) An “electronic fluorescent pictograph” browser for exploring and analyzing large-scale biological data sets. PLoS One 2:e718
Yamamizo C, Kishimoto S, Ohmiya A (2010) Carotenoid composition and carotenogenic gene expression during Ipomoea petal development. J Exp Bot 61:709–719
Yang SD, Seo PJ, Yoon HK, Park CM (2011) The Arabidopsis NAC transcription factor VNI2 integrates abscisic acid signals into leaf senescence via the COR/RD genes. Plant Cell 23:2155–2168
Zapata M, Rodríguez F, Garrido JL (2000) Separation of chlorophylls and carotenoids from marine phytoplankton: a new HPLC method using a reversed phase C8 column and pyridine-containing mobile phases. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 195:29–45
Acknowledgements
The authors appreciate the skillful technical assistance of Kiyomi Shimizu (NARO).
Funding Information
This work was supported in part by a grant-in-aid from the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), JSPS KAKENHI grant number 25292025, and JSPS Research Fellowships for Young Scientists to C.O.-Y.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
C.O.-Y. performed most of the experiments and wrote the article; M.N. contributed to the experimental design; A.O. conceived the project and wrote the article. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.
Electronic Supplementary Material
The online version of this article contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
ESM 1
(PDF 1266 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Oda-Yamamizo, C., Mitsuda, N. & Ohmiya, A. Heterologous Expression of Chimeric Repressor of Arabidopsis ANAC046 Delays Chlorophyll Degradation in Petunia Flowers. Plant Mol Biol Rep 35, 611–618 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-017-1049-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-017-1049-8