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Application of silicon improves rhizosheath formation, morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of wheat under drought stress

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Abstract

Background and aims

Rhizosheath, a mixture of soil and mucilage that remains attached to the root system after being removed from the soil and shaken, plays a prominent role in the resistance of plants to drought stress. This study aims to investigate the effect of silicon (Si) on rhizosheath formation and mitigate the effects of drought stress in wheat. It was hypothesized that Si positively enhances root hair formation and rhizosheath formation under soil drying conditions, improving plant access to water under soil drying conditions.

Methods

Wheat seeds were grown under different levels of Si (control, 150 and 300 mg kg−1 monosilicic acid, and 150 and 300 mg kg−1 nano-silicon) and irrigation (0.4 field capacity (FC) and 0.8 FC) under greenhouse conditions.

Results

Under drought stress, the application of Si significantly increased root hair length, density, rhizosheath formation, and transpiration rate. Applying Si increased the length of root hairs by 45–107% and their density by 25–78%. Under drought stress, application of 150 and 300 mg kg−1 of monosilicic acid and nano-silicon increased rhizosheath formation by 40.3, 48.2, 16.8, and 17.5%, and transpiration rate by 17.8, 36.4, 11.4, and 29.1%, respectively. Si also increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, while decreasing malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide content.

Conclusion

Silicon application in drought-stricken wheat improved water uptake, leading to improved plant water relations and other morpho-physiological and biochemical responses. This was achieved by modifying root system traits, particularly increasing root hair length and density, which facilitated the formation of rhizosheath.

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the University of Tehran (UT), the Soil and Water Research Institute of Iran (SWRI), and Technical University of Munich (TUM) for their financial support that allowed them to carry out this research project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

    Meysam Cheraghi, Babak Motesharezadeh & Hossein Ali Alikhani

  2. Department of Soil Biophysics and Environmental Systems, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    Meysam Cheraghi

  3. Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, 3177993545, Iran

    Seyed Majid Mousavi & Majid Basirat

  4. Professorship of Soil Biophysics and Environmental Systems, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

    Mohsen Zarebanadkouki

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  1. Meysam Cheraghi
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  2. Babak Motesharezadeh
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  3. Seyed Majid Mousavi
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  4. Majid Basirat
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Contributions

Meysam Cheraghi: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – original draft.

Babak Motesharezadeh: Supervision.

Seyed Majid Mousavi: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing.

Majid Basirat: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Resources, Writing – review & editing.

Hossein Ali Alikhani: Resources.

Mohsen Zarebanadkouki: Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Babak Motesharezadeh or Seyed Majid Mousavi.

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Highlights

i. Under drought stress, the application of silicon increases rhizosheath formation in wheat plants;.

ii. Greater rhizosheath formation was attributed to an increased root hair length and density;.

iii. Plants grown in Si-amended soil sustained higher transpiration under soil drying conditions than control;.

iv. Facilitating water absorption and improving water relations of wheat by silicon ultimately led to strengthening the antioxidant system.

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Cheraghi, M., Motesharezadeh, B., Mousavi, S.M. et al. Application of silicon improves rhizosheath formation, morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of wheat under drought stress. Plant Soil (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06584-z

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