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Tree stem and soil methane and nitrous oxide fluxes, but not carbon dioxide fluxes, switch sign along a topographic gradient in a tropical forest

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Abstract

Purpose

Tropical forests exchange large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs: carbon dioxide, CO2; methane, CH4; and nitrous oxide, N2O) with the atmosphere. Forest soils and stems can be either sources or sinks for CH4 and N2O, but little is known about what determines the sign and magnitude of these fluxes. Here, we aimed to study how stem and soil GHG fluxes vary along a topographic gradient in a tropical forest.

Methods

Fluxes of GHG from 56 individual tree stems and adjacent soils were measured with manual static chambers. The topographic gradient was characterized by a soil moisture gradient, with one end in a wetland area (“seasonally flooded”; SF), the other end in an upland area (“terra firme”; TF) and in between a transitional area on the slope (SL).

Results

Tree stems and soils were always sources of CO2 with higher fluxes in SF compared to TF and SL. Fluxes of CH4 and N2O were more variable, even within one habitat. Results showed that, in TF, soils acted as sinks for N2O whereas, in SF and SL, they acted as sources. In contrast, tree stems which were predominantly sources of N2O in SF and TF, were sinks in SL. In the soil, N2O fluxes were significantly influenced by both temperature and soil water content, whereas CH4 fluxes were only significantly correlated with soil water content.

Conclusion

SF areas were major sources of the three gases, whereas SL and TF soils and tree stems acted as either sources or sinks for CH4 and N2O. Our results indicate that tree stems represent overlooked sources of CH4 and N2O in tropical forests that need to be further studied to refine GHG budgets.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the European Research Council Synergy grant ERC-2013-SyG-610028-IMBALANCE-P, the European Commission through a Marie Skodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship H2020-MSCA-IF-2017-796438 to LMB, the Research Fund of the University of Antwerp and an “Investissement d’Avenir” grant delivered by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (CEBA; ANR-10-LABX-25-01). We thank CIRAD - UMR EcoFoG for hosting our fieldwork.

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  1. Center of Excellence Global Change Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium

    Warren Daniel, Ivan A. Janssens & Laëtitia M. Bréchet

  2. INRAE, UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, 97310, Kourou, France

    Warren Daniel, Clément Stahl, Benoît Burban, Jean-Yves Goret, Jocelyn Cazal & Laëtitia M. Bréchet

  3. Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Wien, Austria

    Andreas Richter

  4. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

    Laëtitia M. Bréchet

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Daniel, W., Stahl, C., Burban, B. et al. Tree stem and soil methane and nitrous oxide fluxes, but not carbon dioxide fluxes, switch sign along a topographic gradient in a tropical forest. Plant Soil 488, 533–549 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-05991-y

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