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Drought and interspecific competition increase belowground carbon allocation for nitrogen acquisition in monocultures and mixtures of Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne

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Abstract

Purpose

Belowground carbon (C) allocation for nitrogen (N) acquisition plays a crucial role in determining primary productivity and plant competitiveness in legume-grass mixtures, but beyond modeling and qualitative assessments, this remains poorly understood, especially with regard to drought stress and interspecific interactions.

Methods

We grew a legume (Trifolium repens) and a grass (Lolium perenne) in monocultures and as a 50:50 mixture (with same plant density), at 70% and 50% soil water holding capacity representing non-drought and drought conditions, for 104 days in a growth chamber experiment. By using continuous 13CO2 labelling and 15N pulse soil-labelling, we analyzed how drought and interspecific interaction affected belowground C allocation (including root biomass, root respiration and rhizodeposition) and N acquisition through soil N uptake and biological N fixation.

Results

Drought increased belowground C allocation per unit of N acquisition in the legume, but not in the grass. Drought significantly reduced biological N fixation in the legume, so that the legume allocated relatively more C to take up soil N. Interspecific competition increased belowground C allocation per unit of N acquisition, which could be attributed to a reduction in biological N fixation by the legume and an increased abundance of the grass.

Conclusions

We highlight that drought and interspecific competition for N strongly alter C allocation towards biological N fixation and soil N uptake. Our measurements provide important process-based information to improve modeling drought effects on productivity and composition in legume-grass mixtures.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study will be made available from Dryad Digital Repository.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Sonam Tashi for isotopic analysis. This research was funded by the Australian Research Council (Grant no. DP190102262) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 32001187).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of life sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, Henan, China

    Chunlian Qiao

  2. College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, Liaoning, China

    Xiaoguang Wang

  3. Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia

    Milad Bagheri Shirvan, Claudia Keitel & Feike A. Dijkstra

  4. School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia

    Timothy R. Cavagnaro

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  1. Chunlian Qiao
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  2. Xiaoguang Wang
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Contributions

Chunlian Qiao and Feike A. Dijkstra designed the research and analysed data. Chunlian Qiao, Xiaoguang Wang and Milad Bagheri Shirvan established and performed the experiment. Chunlian Qiao, Claudia Keitel and Feike A. Dijkstra led the isotope measurements and data interpretation. All authors contributed to the writing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chunlian Qiao.

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Qiao, C., Wang, X., Shirvan, M.B. et al. Drought and interspecific competition increase belowground carbon allocation for nitrogen acquisition in monocultures and mixtures of Trifolium repens and Lolium perenne. Plant Soil 481, 269–283 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05636-6

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