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Soil aggregate stability of forest islands and adjacent ecosystems in West Africa

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Abstract

Purpose

In the mesic savannas of West Africa, areas around villages of relatively tall and dense forest vegetation are often found. These ‘forest islands’ are presumably the direct outcome of human activity. To better understand these patches with relatively luxuriant vegetation, our study focused on how they influence soil aggregate stability- a key indicator of soil resilience to degradation through erosion. We compared the proportion of stable soil aggregates of the forest islands with nearby croplands and natural savanna vegetation across a precipitation transect in West Africa for which mean annual precipitation at the study sites ranges from 0.80 to 1.27 m a−1.

Methods

Soil samples were taken from 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm depths and stability of soil aggregate groups with diameters: > 500 μm, 500–250 μm and 250–53 μm (viz. “macroaggregates”, “mesoaggregates” and “microaggregates” respectively) determined using the wet sieving method.

Results

The results showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher proportion of stable soil meso- and macro-aggregates in forest islands and natural savanna than in agricultural soils. Although there was no effect of land-use type on microaggregate stability, there was a strong tendency for the stable microaggregates across all land use types to increase with increasing precipitation. Soil organic carbon and iron oxides contents were the most important factors influencing meso and macro-aggregate stability in the West African ecosystems.

Conclusion

We conclude that formation of stable soil microaggregates in the West African ecosystems was climate or precipitation driven whereas the more labile and larger-size groups of meso-and macro- aggregates was land-use driven. The study provides first insights in soil quality processes in a poorly studied but unique phenomenon of man-made forest islands in West Africa.

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Data Availability

The datasets used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Code availability

R statistics.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the Royal Society-DFID for funding the study through the Soil of Forest Island in Africa (SOFIIA) ACBI project. We also thank the local village occupants for their collaboration and field assistance.

Funding

This work was funded by the Royal Society-DFID Africa Capacity Building Initiative (ACBI) through the SOFIIA project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA), Burkina Faso, 04 BP 8645 , 04, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

    Amelie Baomalgré Bougma, Korodjouma Ouattara & Halidou Compaore

  2. Université Nazi BONI (UNB), 01 BP 910, 01, Bobo, Burkina Faso

    Hassan Bismarck Nacro

  3. Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

    Caleb Melenya & Vincent Logah

  4. Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB), PMB 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria

    Samuel Ayodele Mesele & Jamiu Oladipupo Azeez

  5. Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6700 AA, Wageningen, Netherlands

    Elmar Veenendaal

  6. Department of Life Science, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK

    Jonathan Lloyd

  7. School of Tropical and Marine Sciences and Centre for Terrestrial Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, Cairns, 4870, Queensland, Australia

    Jonathan Lloyd

  8. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Av Bandeirantes, 3900, CEP 14040-901, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

    Jonathan Lloyd

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  1. Amelie Baomalgré Bougma
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Bougma, A.B., Ouattara, K., Compaore, H. et al. Soil aggregate stability of forest islands and adjacent ecosystems in West Africa. Plant Soil 473, 533–546 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05302-x

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