Abstract
Aims
Seeds are involved in the transmission of microorganisms from one plant generation to the next, acting as initial inoculum for the plant microbiome, therefore provide a key source of variability in plants. This study aimed to characterize the seed bacteria and fungi communities in Elymus nutans, a dominant perennial grass growing in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau (QTP) and explore the effects of plant growth location on the seed microbiome.
Methods
Seeds were collected from plants growing in four locations in the QTP. The seed microbial community was examined by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of DNA extracted from the surface sterilized seeds.
Results
The seed bacterial community was dominated by the bacteria phylum Proteobacteria (98%) and fungal phyla Ascomycota (83%) and Basidiomycota (15%). At the lower taxonomic level, the bacterial genus Pseudomonas dominated in all four locations with an average relative abundance of 83% whereas the fungal genera that dominated the seed microbiome was diverse, the most prominent being Epichloë, Pyrenophora, Mycosphaerella and Bullera. Ecologically important bacterial family Nitrosomonadaceae (nitrifiers) and fungal phylum Glomeromycota (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) were detected in this study for the first time as seed endophytes. The Elymus nutans seed bacterial community was not impacted by the plant growth location, in contrast, the seed fungal community varied significantly in four locations.
Conclusions
The seeds of Elymus nutans host diverse endophytic bacteria and fungi. Unlike the bacteria, the host plant selection of seed fungal endophytes was observed to have been affected by plant growth location. Positive and negative associations in the Elymus nutans seed microbiome were observed.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Lanzhou University grant; Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (lzujbky-2017-ot21), Project of the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition (2019QZKK0302), Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA2010010203), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672472) and Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT17R50).
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Guo, J., Bowatte, S. & Hou, F. Diversity of endophytic bacteria and fungi in seeds of Elymus nutans growing in four locations of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, China. Plant Soil 459, 49–63 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04608-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-020-04608-y