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Selenium geochemistry in reclaimed phosphate mine soils and its relationship with plant bioavailability

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Abstract

Background and Aims

Selenium accumulation in vegetation has resulted in toxicity in livestock grazing on phosphate mine soils in Southeastern Idaho.

Methods

Plant and soil samples were collected from sites located near phosphate mines. Soil physicochemical properties, Se speciation, and Se distribution from a sequential extraction procedure (SEP) were examined in relation to bioavailability in the Se-hyperaccumulator, western aster (Symphyotrichum ascendens Lindl.). Selenium-hyperaccumulators are plants that can absorb over 1000 mg Se kg−1 DM (Dry Matter).

Results

Chemical analyses revealed that western aster contained Se exceeding 6000 mg kg−1 DM. Soil speciation results indicated that selenite (SeO3 2−) was dominant with lower levels of selenate (SeO4 2−) present. This was expanded using an SEP that accounted for six fractions. Regression analyses indicated a strong relationship for western aster Se and the water-soluble and phosphate-extractable SEP fractions combined (R 2 = 0.85). Once carbonate, amorphous Fe-oxide, organic, and residual Se fractions were factored into the analysis, the relationship decreased. A strong relationship between selenate and the water-soluble Se fraction was also observed (R2 = 0.83).

Conclusions

Soluble and phosphate-extractable Se were determined to be “bioavailable fractions” for western aster. Thus, simple water extractions can be used for quick assessment of Se bioavailability and provide a means to identify potentially hazardous areas locations.

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Acknowledgements

Funding for this research was provided by the United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Grant No. A26232.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 185 Ag Quad Ln, 237 Smyth Hall, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA

    Jessica E. Favorito & Matthew J. Eick

  2. Department of Plants, Soils, and Climate, Utah State University, 4820 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA

    Paul R. Grossl

  3. USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT, 84341, USA

    Thomas Z. Davis

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  1. Jessica E. Favorito
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  2. Matthew J. Eick
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Correspondence to Jessica E. Favorito.

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Responsible Editor: Juan Barcelo.

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Favorito, J.E., Eick, M.J., Grossl, P.R. et al. Selenium geochemistry in reclaimed phosphate mine soils and its relationship with plant bioavailability. Plant Soil 418, 541–555 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3299-5

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