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Above- and belowground linkages of a nitrogen and phosphorus co-limited tropical mountain pasture system – responses to nutrient enrichment

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Abstract

Aim

Little is known about how N and P co-limited ecosystems respond to single nutrient enrichment. This work assesses the susceptibility of above- and belowground ecosystem components and of their linkages in an N and P co-limited pasture to N- and P-enrichment. We tested if the plants’ responses can be explained by the concept of serially linked nutrients introduced by Ågren (Ecol Lett 7:185–191, 2004). In this concept, the control of the growth rate by one nutrient is assumed to depend on the control of a different cellular process by another nutrient.

Methods

We investigated the responses of shoot and root biomass and C:N:P stoichiometry of the grass Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) to moderate N, P, and N + P application over 5 years. In addition, the effects of nutrient enrichment on soil nutrient pools, on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as well as on microbial biomass, activity, and community structure (phospholipid fatty acids: PLFA) were tested. In order to evaluate the importance of different factors explaining microbial responses, we applied a likelihood-based information-theoretic approach.

Results

The application of N + P increased aboveground grass biomass (+61 %). Root biomass was stimulated by P-treatment (+45 %). Grass C:N:P stoichiometry responded by altering the P-uptake (P-treatment) or by translocating P from shoot to root (N-treatment). In particular, root C:N and C:P stoichiometry decreased in P- and in N-treatment. Extractable fractions of soil C, N, and P were significantly affected by nutrient enrichment. P application increased the biomass of Gram-positive bacteria (+22 %) and the abundance of AMF (+46 %), however, results of the IT-approach suggested indirect effects of nutrient enrichment on microbes.

Conclusions

The responses of the N and P co-limited pasture to particular nutrient enrichment support the concept of serially linked nutrients. The present study provides evidence for the fundamental importance of P for controlling resource allocation of plants in responses to nutrient enrichment. Resource allocation of the grass rather than direct effects of nutrient additions drives changes in AMF, microbial biomass, community structure, and activity.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the two anonymous reviewers for their highly valuable comments which helped us to substantially improve the manuscript. The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the DFG (German Research Foundation), subproject B3.1 within the research Unit 816 “Biodiversity and Sustainable Management of a Megadiverse Mountain Ecosystem in South Ecuador” (HA 4597/1–2). We thank Manuela Unger and Franziska Lübbers (TU Dresden) for their assistance in collecting and preparing soil samples for laboratory measurements, and E. Bahr (TU Dresden), J. Schaller (University Bayreuth), and Th. Rosenau (Boku Vienna) for helpful discussions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Straße 19, 01737, Tharandt, Germany

    Alexander Tischer, Karin Potthast & Ute Hamer

  2. Institute of Forest Growth and Computer Sciences, Dresden University of Technology, Pienner Straße 8, 01737, Tharandt, Germany

    Martin Werisch

  3. Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Altensteinstraße 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany

    Franziska Döbbelin, Tessa Camenzind & Matthias C. Rillig

  4. Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany

    Franziska Döbbelin, Tessa Camenzind & Matthias C. Rillig

  5. Institute of Landscape Ecology, WWU – University of Münster, Heisenbergstraße 2, 48149, Münster, Germany

    Ute Hamer

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  1. Alexander Tischer
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Tischer, A., Werisch, M., Döbbelin, F. et al. Above- and belowground linkages of a nitrogen and phosphorus co-limited tropical mountain pasture system – responses to nutrient enrichment. Plant Soil 391, 333–352 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2431-7

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