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An efficient controlled semi-quantum secret sharing protocol with entangled state

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Abstract

In this paper, we present an entangled state controlled semi-quantum secret sharing CSQSS protocol for the first time. In this scheme, with the permission of a trusted classical user, \(Bob_{1}\), Alice, as a quantum user, can share a one-bit specific message with n classical users, and the secret can only be recovered by the cooperation of all classical users. Then, the protocol is extended where m-bit specific messages, K \((k_{1}, k_{2},..., k_{m})\), can be shared with n classical users. The security of the proposed protocol against common attacks is analysed in detail, which shows that the proposed protocol is theoretically secure. Compared with previous SQSS protocols, the proposed protocol can achieve a lower cost because it does not use returning qubits for producing the secret message, uses fewer returning qubits for eavesdropping check, and does not perform entangled state measurement. Moreover, the proposed protocol has the highest qubit efficiency among the previous SQSS schemes.

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Acknowledgements

Majid Haghparast acknowledges supports from the Academy of Finland (Project DEQSE 349945) and Business Finland (Project TORQS 8582/31/2022). Shima Hassanpour acknowledges the financial support by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany in the programme of “Souverän. Digital. Vernetzt.”. Joint project 6 G-life, Project identification number: 16KISK001K.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran

    Monireh Houshmand

  2. Chair of Privacy and Network Security, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    Shima Hassanpour

  3. Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland

    Majid Haghparast

Authors
  1. Monireh Houshmand
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  2. Shima Hassanpour
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  3. Majid Haghparast
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All authors contributed equally to the conception and design of the study.

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Correspondence to Monireh Houshmand.

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Houshmand, M., Hassanpour, S. & Haghparast, M. An efficient controlled semi-quantum secret sharing protocol with entangled state. Opt Quant Electron 56, 759 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-024-06434-3

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