Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Analysis and counter-measure of the FWM-induced crosstalk including contemporary optical fibers

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) is a performance constraint in WDM Radio over Fiber(RoF) systems. This article uses several equations to analyze & investigate the performance of FWM crosstalk power and Signal to Crosstalk Ratio (SXR) corresponding to channel spacing, transmission distance & input optical power for different kinds of fiber like Alcatel Teralight, Corning Leaf, Furukawa SM-332 and Lucent Truewave under the influence of higher-order dispersion terms up to 10th order. An improved optical network including a polarization rotator at the transmitter and modern state of art optical fibers is proposed to combat FWM-induced crosstalk. It is reported that the use of a polarization rotator reduces FWM crosstalk by 7.5 dBm with an input power of 20 dBm. Further, it is also revealed that Corning LEAF performs better compared to the rest of fibers while minimizing FWM-induced crosstalk.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Already included in the manuscript.

References

  • Abd, H., Din, N. Md., Al-Mansoori, M.H., Abdullah, F., Fadhil, H.A.: Four-wave mixing crosstalk suppression based on the pairing combinations of differently linear-polarized optical signals. The Scientific World Journal, 2014:243795, (2014)

  • Ajmani, M.., Singh, P.., Kaur, P..: Hybrid dispersion compensating modules: a better solution for mitigating four-wave mixing effects. Wireless Pers. Commun. 107(2), 959–971 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bansal, S..: A comparative study of nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms in search of near-to-optimal golomb rulers for the fwm crosstalk elimination in wdm systems. Appl. Artif. Intell. 33(14), 1199–1265 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhatia, R.., Sharma, A.., Saxena, J..: Improved analysis of four wave mixing with sub-plank higher-order dispersion parameters in optical communication systems. Optik - Int. J. Light and Electron. Opt. 127, 07 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharjee, R..j, Dey, P.., Saha, A..: Implementation of an enhanced 32 channel 256gbps dwdm based radio over fiber optical system for constricted channel spacing employing fiber bragg grating. Optik 253, 168598 (2022)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Corning. Corning smf-28 ull optical fiber portfolio. https://www.corning.com/media/worldwide/coc/documents/Fiber/product-information-sheets/PI-1470-AEN.pdf, June (2021)

  • Dahiya, S., Kumar, S., Sharma, D. P.: Mitigating polarisation mode dispersion for enhanced capacity in polarisation division multiplexed (PDM-QAM) optical fiber communication link using hybrid optical amplifier. In Abdul A. S. Awwal, Khan M. Iftekharuddin, Victor H. Diaz-Ramirez, and Andrés Márquez, editors, Optics and Photonics for Information Processing XIV, volume 11509, page 115090L. Int. Soc. Opt. Photon., SPIE, (2020)

  • Dat, P.T., Kanno, A., Yamamoto, N., Kawanishi, T.: 100-gb/s fiber–wireless system in 100-ghz band using 64-qam ofdm signal transmission. In: 2021 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP), pp. 1–4, (2021)

  • Fujiwara, K., Tokita, K., Kanno, A.: Millimeter-wave signal generation and its radio-over-fiber link transmission based on optical ssb modulation in 105-ghz band. In: 2021 XXXIVth General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS), pages 1–4, (2021)

  • Garg, D., Nain, A.: Analysis and mitigation of photodiode non-linearity under the influence of optical modulator in multitone rof link. J. Opt., (2022)

  • Garg, D., Nain, A.: Next generation optical wireless communication: a comprehensive review. J. Opt. Commun., pp. 1–16, (2021)

  • Garg, D.., Nain, Abhimanyu: An efficient 110 \(times\) 8 ghz wdm rof system design for 5g and advance wireless networks. Opt. Quant. Electron. 54(6), 342 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gogayan, K., Mittal, D. P.: Analysis of ber for optical transmission link using commercial fibers with and without dispersion compensation. IOP Conference Series: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1033:012002, 01 (2021)

  • Inoue, K.: Polarization effect on four-wave mixing efficiency in a single-mode fiber. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28(4), 883–894 (1992)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ivaniga, P.., Ivaniga, T.., Turn, J.., Ovsenk, L.., Marton, M.., Solus, D.., Oravec, J.., Huszanik, T..: The influence of fwm with awg multiplexor in dwdm system. Przeglad Elektrotechniczny 1, 115–119 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karlik, Sait Eser: Analysis of signal-to-crosstalk ratio variations due to four-wave mixing in dense wavelength division multiplexing systems implemented with standard single-mode fibers. Uludağ Univ. J. Faculty of Eng. 21, 171–188 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karlik, S..: Analysis of signal-to-crosstalk ratio variations due to four-wave mixing in dense wavelength division multiplexing systems implemented with standard single-mode fibers. Uludağ Univ. J. Faculty of Eng. 21(171), 08 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  • Khudhair, M.., Aldergazly, Anwaar: Four wave mixing mitigation in already existing dense wavelength division multiplexing networks. Int. J. Mech. Eng. 7(2), 02 (2022)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kılınçarslan, K., Karlık, S.E.: Comparison of single fwm impact with combined impact of fwm and srs on the performance of long-haul dwdm/udwdm communication systems using ssmfs. In: 2021 13th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO), pp. 475–479, (2021)

  • Kumar, S., Sharma, D., Payal, S. R.: Performance analysis of radio over fiber link using mzm external modulator. In Ashish Kumar Luhach, Janos Arpad Kosa, Ramesh Chandra Poonia, Xiao-Zhi Gao, and Dharm Singh, editors, First International Conference on Sustainable Technologies for Computational Intelligence, pages 229–240, Singapore, (2020). Springer Singapore

  • Kumar, S., Singh, S. P.: Mitigating nonlinear effects in 16 channel wdm radio over fiber system with dispersion compensation fiber and fiber bragg grating combination. In Manish Tiwari, Ravi Kumar Maddila, Amit Kumar Garg, Ashok Kumar, and Preecha Yupapin, editors, Opt. Wireless Technol., pp. 527–539, Singapore, (2022). Springer Singapore

  • Kumar, S. P.: Enhancing performance of coherent optical ofdm fso communication link using cascaded edfa. Wireless Personal Communications 120(2), 1109–1123 (Sep 2021)

  • Kumar, S.., Sharma, S., Dahiya, Sandeep: Wdm-based 160 gbps radio over fiber system with the application of dispersion compensation fiber and fiber bragg grating. Front. Phys. 9(691387), 05 (2021)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar, P.., Singla, S.., Sharma, Sanjay: Sndr measurement of radio over fiber system based on high performance generation method along with optic amplifier link. Wireless Pers. Commun. 121, 12 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lightwave. Corning’s leaf optical fiber now available with lower-loss specification. https://www.lightwaveonline.com/network-design/article/16660633/cornings-leaf-optical-fiber-now-available-with-lowerloss-specification, (2010)

  • Lu, Q., Tao, L., Wang, S., Xi, X., Li, L., Chen, Z., Hu, Z.: 75 ghz millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber transmission of 10 gbit/s over 50 km equivalent wireless distance. In: 2021 Photonics Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS), pp. 810–813, (2021)

  • Mahmood, R. M., Yaakob, S., Ahmad, F. A., Anas, S.B. Ahmad, K., Muhammad, Z. A., Beson, M. R C.: Effect of phase noise on the optical millimeter-wave signal in the dwdm-rof system. Electronics, 11(3), (2022)

  • Manzoor, H.U., Zafar, M., Manzoor, S. U., Khan, T., Liu, S., Manzoor, T., Saleem, S., Kim, W. Y., Ali, M.: Improving fwm efficiency in bi-directional ultra dwdm-pon networking centered light source by using pmd emulator. Results in Phys., 16:102922, (2020)

  • Manzoor, H..U.., Manzoor, T.., Hussain, A.., Aly, Moustafa: Fwm mitigation in dwdm optical networks. J. Phys: Conf. Ser. 1447(012033), 01 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohammed, N. A., Abd, H.J.: A new suppression approach of fwm crosstalk effect in optical communication link based on polarization combiner method. J. Phys.: Conference Series, 1973, (2021)

  • Nain, A., Kumar, S., Singla, S.: Mitigation of fwm induced crosstalk in wdm rof systems by employing different fibers. J. Opt. (India), 06 (2017)

  • Payal, K. S: Nonlinear impairments in fiber optic communication systems: Analytical review. In: Pradeep Kumar Singh, Marcin Paprzycki, Bharat Bhargava, Jitender Kumar Chhabra, Narottam Chand Kaushal, and Yugal Kumar, editors, Futuristic Trends in Network and Communication Technologies, pp. 28–44, Singapore, (2019). Springer Singapore

  • Roka, R.., Mokran, M..: Effect of the fwm influence on the cwdm signal transmission in the optical transmission media. Int. J. Circuits 12(42–47), 02 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabat, N. K., Rao, B. S., Patnaik, B.: Reduction of fwm effect in fiber optic communication system by using dpddmz and circular polarization. In: 2017 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), pages 1946–1950, (2017)

  • Sharma, N., Singh, H., Singh, P.: Mitigation of fwm in the fiber optic dwdm system by using different modulation techniques and optical filters. In: 2020 5th International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES), pages 343–348, (2020)

  • Singh, S., Singh, S., Ngo, Q. M., Mohammadi, A. M.: Analysis of all-optical wavelength converter based on fwm effect in hnlf for coherent 100 gbps dual-polarized dqpsk signal. Opt. Fiber Technol., 59:102323, (2020)

  • Sobhanan, Aneesh, Venkatasubramani, Lakshmi Narayanan, David Koilpillai, R., Venkitesh, Deepa: Polarization-insensitive phase conjugation of qpsk signal using bragg-scattering fwm in soa. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 31(12), 919–922 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Sugumaran, S.., Arulmozhivarman, P..: A novel cognitive optimization for the eradication of non-linear effects by fwm in radio-over fiber systems. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 102(4), 3225–3237 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tahhan, S. R., Mohammed, M. F., Moosa, A. A., Atieh, A.: Wdm rof ofdm/qam system for wireless pon. In: 2021 IEEE Jordan International Joint Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (JEEIT), pp. 164–169, (2021)

  • Tyagi, N., Kumar, P.: Performance evaluation of dual drive dual parallel mach zehnder modulator based radio over fiber link for wireless networks. In: 2021 7th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication (ICSC), pages 100–105, (2021)

  • Zhou, X.., Zengyang Li, Y.., Zhou, M..B.., Miao, H.., Yang, G.., Li, Q.., Yang, L.., Wang, T..: Research on stability and uniformity of multi-wavelength brillouin-erbium fiber laser based on fwm. Opt. Quant. Electron. 51(9), 297 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, H.., Shen, Y.., Chen, M.., Fei, C.., He, J..: Cost-efficient, polarization-insensitive and widely-tunable aowc of ofdm signal based on fwm in soa. Opt. Exp. 27(26), 38553–38566 (2019)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, GJUS and T, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India

    Deepak Garg & Abhimanyu Nain

Authors
  1. Deepak Garg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Abhimanyu Nain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Both the authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Deepak Garg and Abhimnayu Nain collectively. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Deepak Garg. Abhimanyu Nain commented on previous versions of the manuscript. Both the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abhimanyu Nain.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Garg, D., Nain, A. Analysis and counter-measure of the FWM-induced crosstalk including contemporary optical fibers. Opt Quant Electron 54, 793 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04215-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-022-04215-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation