Abstract
In this manuscript, the gain of the EDFA-Raman hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) is maximized using a popular nature inspired Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). The dominating parameters of HOA, length of Raman amplifier and EDFA and its pump powers are optimized to get the maximum possible gain. Further, the performance of WOA is compared by using other metaheuristic techniques such as Real coded Genetic Algorithm, Differential Evolution, Particle Swarm Optimization, to optimize the same model of HOA. WOA proves to be a better optimization technique as it is able to find maximum gain, have a better convergence curve and box plot performance as compared to the other three techniques. Moreover, the gain flatness and noise figure performance of HOA is compared with EDFA and Raman amplifier.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Availability of data and material
Yes, papers from where material is consulted have been mentioned in the references.
Code availability
Yes, standard algorithms are taken from papers mentioned in references.
References
Ali, M.H., Ali, A.H., Abulsatar, S.M., Saleh, M.A., Abass, A.K., Al-Mashhadani, T.F.: Pump power optimization for hybrid fiber amplifier utilizing second order stimulated Raman scattering. Opt. Quantum Electron. 52, 274 (2020)
Bilal, Pant, M., Zaheer, H., Garcia-Hernandez, L., Abraham, A.: Differential Evolution: A review of more than two decades of research. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 90, 103479 (2020)
Got, A., Moussaoui, A., Zouache, D.: A guided population archive whale optimization algorithm for solving multiobjective optimization problems. Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 141, 2020, 112972, ISSN 0957-4174
Kennedy, J., Eberhart, R.: Particle Swarm Optimization. Proceedings of ICNN’95—International Conference on Neural Networks, Perth, WA, Australia, 1995, 1942–1948 Vol. 4, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNN.1995.488968
Lim, S.P., Haron, H.: Performance comparison of genetic algorithm, differential evolution and particle swarm optimization towards benchmark functions. 2013 IEEE Conference on Open Systems (ICOS), December 2–4, 2013, Sarawak, Malaysia 41
Malik, D., Pahwa, K., Wason, A.: Performance optimization of SOA, EDFA, Raman and hybrid optical amplifiers in WDM network with reduced channel spacing of 50 GHz. Optik 127, 11131–11137 (2016)
Malik, D., Kaushik, G., Wason, A.: Performance optimization of hybrid amplifier for dense wavelength division multiplexed system. J. Opt. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-017-0439-5
Iqbal, M. A., Krzczanowicz, L., Phillips, I. D., Harper, P., Lord, A., Forysiak, W.: Ultra-wideband Raman amplifiers for high capacity fibre-optic transmission systems. 22nd International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). pp. 1–4 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON51198.2020.9203352
Mescia, L., Giaquinto, A., Fonaelli, G., Acciani, G., De Sario, M., Prudenzano, F.: Particle swarm optimization for the design and characteristics of silica-based photonic crystal fiber amplifier. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 357, 1851–1855 (2011)
Mirjalili, S., Lewis, A.: The Whale Optimization Algorithm. Adv. Eng. Softw. 95, 51–67 (2016)
Mohammed, H.M., Umar, S.U., Rashid, T.A.: A systematic and meta-analysis survey of whale optimization algorithm. Comput. Intell. Neurosci. Vol. 2019, Article ID 8718571, 25 pages (2019)
Mowla, A., Granpayeh, N.: Optimum design of a hybrid erbium-doped fiber amplifier/fiber Raman amplifier using particle swarm optimization. Vol. 48, No. 5/APPLIED OPTICS/ Optical Society of America
Namiki, S., Emori, Y.: Ultrabroad-band Raman amplifiers pumped and gain-equalized by wavelengthdivision-multiplexed high-power laser diodes. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 7(1), 3–16 (2001)
Nasiri, J., Khiyabani, F.M.: A whale optimization algorithm (WOA) approach for clustering. Cognent Math. Stat. 5(1) (2018)
Obaid, H.M., Shahid, H.: Achieving high gain using Er-Yb codoped waveguide/fiber optical parametric hybrid amplifier for dense wavelength division multiplexed system. Opt. Eng. 57, 056108 (2018)
Obaid, H.M., Shahid, H.: Performance evaluation of hybrid optical amplifiers for a 100 ×10 Gbps DWDM system with ultrasmall channel spacing. Opt.—Int. J. Light Electron Opt. 200, 163404 (2020)
Singh, S., Kaler, R.S.: Performance optimization of EDFA–Raman hybrid optical amplifier using genetic algorithm. Opt. Laser Technol. 68, 89–95 (2015)
Verma, R., Janyani, V., Nanda, S.J.: Design and Optimization of EDFA-Raman hybrid optical amplifier using grey wolf optimizer. International Conference on Communication, Control, and Information Sciences (ICCISc-2021) 978-1-6654-0295-8/21 (pp. 1–6)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Not applicable.
Conset to applicable
Yes.
Consent for publication
Yes.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Verma, R., Janyani, V. & Nanda, S.J. Optimization of hybrid amplifier parameters for improved optical link performance. Opt Quant Electron 53, 488 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03094-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03094-5