Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Design, characterization and performance evaluation of few-mode EDFA system with propagation up to six modes

  • Published:
Optical and Quantum Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Modal gain equalized system for six mode-erbium doped fiber amplifier (6M-EDFA) is designed and analyzed. For the ease in calculation an appropriate pump combination of linearly polarized LP01, LP31 and LP21 modes required for reduction in differential mode gain (DMGλ) is mathematically obtained from extended Giles model. An optimized centre depressed erbium ion profile is also obtained separately. The optimum simplified unidirectional pump combination at 980 nm is then used to excite centre depressed erbium ion profile to achieve considerable reduction in DMGλ. The mathematical analysis is further corroborated with simulation results. The 6M-EDFA system designed provided a minimum DMGλ of 4.41 dB in six mode group and DMGλ of 1.37 dB in five mode group. At smaller values of pump power, a mean gain of about 24.364 dB is achieved at 1550 nm and at lower input signal power of -7 dBm per mode. Gain spectrum is observed to be completely flat over C band for all six modes. Further investigation on evolution of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is reported for 6M-EDFA for the first time with new performance metric namely ASE ratio to indicate the deviation of noise between six modes. The ASE ratio of about 2.387 is obtained indicating that the designed system is reasonably immune to noise effects. The influence of non ideal high concentration effects is also investigated on the designed system. The DMGλ values are observed to monotonically increase with length and concentration and decrease with wavelength and input signal powers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abedin, K.S., Taunay, T.F., Fishteyn, M., DiGiovanni, D.J., Supradeepa, V.R., Fini, J.M., Yan, M.F., Zhu, B., Monberg, E.M., Dimarcello, F.V.: Cladding-pumped erbium-doped multicore fiber amplifier. Opt. Express 20(18), 20191–20200 (2012)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Abedin, K.S., Fini, J.M., Thierry, T.F., Zhu, B., Yan, M.F., Bansal, L., Dimarcello, F.V., Monberg, E.M., DiGiovanni, D.J.: Seven-core erbium-doped double-clad fiber amplifier pumped simultaneously by side-coupled multimode fiber. Opt. Lett. 39(4), 993–996 (2014)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Amin, M.Z., Qureshi, K.K.: Er3+–Er3+ interaction effects and performance evaluation of erbium doped fiber amplifiers. In: 2015 IEEE 28th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), pp. 1383–1386 (2015)

  • Anwar, N.M., El-Sahn, Z.A., El-Badawy, E.S.A., Aly, M.H.: A few mode EDFA with different pumping schemes: performance evaluation. Opt. Quantum Electron. 52(2), 109 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bai, N., Ip, E., Wang, T., Li, G.: Multimode fiber amplifier with tunable modal gain using a reconfigurable multimode pump. Opt. Express 19(17), 16601–16611 (2011)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Berdagué, S., Facq, P.: Mode division multiplexing in optical fibers. Appl. Opt. 21(11), 1950–1955 (1982)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bigot, L., Le Cocq, G., Quiquempois, Y.: Few-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifiers: a review. J. Lightw. Technol. 33(3), 588–596 (2015)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, H., Fontaine, N.K., Ryf, R., Jin, C., Huang, B., Shang, K., Essiambre, R.-J., et al.: Demonstration of cladding-pumped six-core erbium-doped fiber amplifier. J. Lightw. Technol. 34(8), 1654–1660 (2016)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Digonnet, M.J.F. (ed.): Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers, Revised and Expanded. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Essiambre, R.J., Ryf, R., Fontaine, N.K., Randel, S.: Space-division multiplexing in multimode and multicore fibers for high-capacity optical communications. IEEE Photonics J 5(2), 071307 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Herbster, A., Romero, M.A.: On the design of few-mode Er-doped fiber amplifiers for space-division multiplexing optical communications systems. In: Optical Modelling and Design III, vol. 9131, p. 91310Y. International Society for Optics and Photonics (2014)

  • Hu, H., Ye, F., Medhin, A.K., Guan, P., Takara, H., Miyamoto, Y., Mulvad, H.S.H., Galili, M., Morioka, T., Oxenløwe, L.K.: Single source 5-dimensional (space-, wavelength-, time-, polarization-, quadrature-) 43 Tbit/s data transmission of 6 SDM× 6 WDM× 1.2 Tbit/s Nyquist-OTDM-PDM-QPSK. In: CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science, Optical Society of America, p. JTh5B-10 (2014)

  • Ip, E.: Gain equalization for few-mode fiber amplifiers beyond two propagating mode groups. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 24(21), 1933–1936 (2012)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang, Q., Lim, E., Jung, Y., Poletti, F., Alam, S., Richardson, D.J.: Design of four-mode erbium doped fiber amplifier with low differential modal gain for modal division multiplexed transmissions. In: 2013 Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/NFOEC), IEEE, pp. 1–3 (2013)

  • Kokubun, Y., Koshiba, M.: Novel multi-core fibers for mode division multiplexing: proposal and design principle. IEICE Electron. Express 6(8), 522–528 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Cocq, G., Bigot, L., Le Rouge, A., Bigot-Astruc, M., Sillard, P., Koebele, C., Salsi, M., Quiquempois, Y.: Modeling and characterization of a few-mode EDFA supporting four mode groups for mode division multiplexing. Opt. Express 20(24), 27051–27061 (2012a)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Le Cocq, G., Bigot, L., Le Rouge, A., Bigot-Astruc, M., Sillard, P., Quiquempois, Y.: Design and characterization of a multimode EDFA supporting 4 transverse mode groups for modal division multiplexed transmissions. In: 2012 38th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communications, pp. 1–3. IEEE (2012b)

  • Le Cocq, G., Quiquempois, Y., Le Rouge, A., Bouwmans, G., El Hamzaoui, H., Delplace, K., Bouazaoui, M., Bigot, L.: Few mode Er3+-doped fiber with micro-structured core for mode division multiplexing in the C-band. Opt. Express 21(25), 31646–31659 (2013)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ono, H., Hosokawa, T., Ischii, K., Matsuo, S., Yamada, M.: Improvement of differential modal gain in few-mode fiber amplifier by employing ring-core erbium-doped fiber. Electron. Lett. 51(2), 172–173 (2015)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Optisystem version 9, Optical communication system design software, Canada. www.optiwave.com

  • Puttnam, B.J., Rademacher, G., Luís, R.S., Eriksson, T.A., Klaus, W., Awaji, Y., Wada, N., Maeda, K., Takasaka, S., Sugizaki, R.: High data-rate and long distance MCF transmission with 19-Core C + L band cladding-pumped EDFA. J. Lightw. Technol. 38(1), 123–130 (2020)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Qayoom, T., Qazi, G.: On the analysis and comparison of decoupled modal gain equalization systems for four-mode (4M)-EDFAs. Optik (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2020.164498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, D.J., Fini, J.M., Nelson, L.E.: Space-division multiplexing in optical fibers. Nat. Photonics 7(5), 354–362 (2013)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryf, R., Randel, S., Gnauck, A.H., Bolle, C., Essiambre, R.-J., Winzer, P.J., Peckham, D.W., McCurdy, A., Lingle, R.: Space-division multiplexing over 10 km of three-mode fiber using coherent 6× 6 MIMO processing. In: National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference. Optical Society of America, p. PDPB10 (2011)

  • Saleh, A.A., Jopson, R.M., Evankow, J.D., Aspell, J.: Modeling of gain in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 2(10), 714–717 (1990)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wakayama, Y., Soma, D., Beppu, S., Sumita, S., Igarashi, K., Tsuritani, T.: 266.1-Tbit/s transmission over 90.4-km 6-mode fiber with inline dual C + L-band 6-mode EDFA. J. Lightw. Technol. 37(2), 404–410 (2019)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, B., Taunay, T., Fishteyn, M., Liu, X., Chandrasekhar, S., Yan, M., Fini, J., Monberg, E., Dimarcello, F.: Space-, wavelength-, polarization-division multiplexed transmission of 56-Tb/s over a 76.8-km seven-core fiber. In: Optical Fiber Communication Conference, p. PDPB7. Optical Society of America (2011)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Srinagar, 190006, India

    Taban Qayoom, Gausia Qazi & Hakim Najeeb-ud-din

Authors
  1. Taban Qayoom
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Gausia Qazi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hakim Najeeb-ud-din
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Taban Qayoom.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Qayoom, T., Qazi, G. & Najeeb-ud-din, H. Design, characterization and performance evaluation of few-mode EDFA system with propagation up to six modes. Opt Quant Electron 52, 434 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02561-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-020-02561-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation